A 1.66Gb/s and 5.8pJ/b Transcutaneous IR-UWB Telemetry System with Hybrid Impulse Modulation for Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces

Song, Minyoung; Huang, Yu; Shen, Yiyu; Shi, Chengyao; Breeschoten, Arjan; Konijnenburg, Mario; Visser, Huib; Romme, Jac; Dutta, B.; Alavi, Morteza S.; Bachmann, Christian; Liu, Yao‐Hong

doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731608

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The result is shown in figure 14. The figure shows that the impulse radioultra wide band (IR-UWB) has the highest data rate, reaching 1.66 Gb s −1 for subcutaneous application [11]. The IR-UWB communication system's power consumption ranges from 6 mW to a few hundred milliwatts [56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A miniaturized and low-energy subcutaneous optical telemetry module for neurotechnology

Truong

Nikpour

et al. 2023

J. Neural Eng.

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This study presents a proof-of-concept optical telemetry module that leverages a single light-emitting diode (LED) to transmit data at a high bit rate while consuming low power and occupying a minimal area. Our experiments showed that we could achieve 108 Mbit/s and 54 Mbit/s back telemetry data rates for tissue thicknesses of 3 mm and 8 mm, respectively. The proposed module is designed to be powered by near-field coupling and achieve bidirectional communication by low-speed downlink from near-field communication (NFC). It aims to minimize the size of the implant while providing reliable transmission that meets the requirements of high-speed wireless communication from a multi-electrode array neurotechnology implant outside the body. The power consumption of the module is 1.57 mW, including the power consumption of related circuits, resulting in an efficiency of 14.5 pJ/bit, at a tissue thickness of 3 mm and a data rate of 108 Mbit. The use of an optical lens, combined with tissue scattering effect and optimized emission angle, makes the module robust to misalignments of up to ±5 mm and ±15˚ between the implantable and external units. The LED in the implantable unit is only 0.98 x 0.98 x 0.6 mm3, and the testing module is composed of discrete components and laboratory instruments. This work aims to show how it is possible to strike a balance between a small, reliable, and high-bit-rate data uplink between a neural implant and its proximal, wirelessly connected external unit. This optical telemetry module has the potential to be integrated into a significantly miniaturized system through an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and can support up to 1,000 channels of neural recordings, each sampled at 9 kSps with a 12-bit readout resolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, we can see a high degree of engineering efforts to achieve wireless transcutaneous systems to transfer high-rate data [11][12][13]. The medium that can establish the transcutaneous data and energy transfer includes ultrasound, magnetic field, electric field, electromagnetic field, and optical links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniaturized and low-energy subcutaneous optical telemetry module for neurotechnology

Truong

Nikpour

et al. 2023

J. Neural Eng.

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“…Various wireless technologies have been explored for the implantable scenarios, such as custom Medical Implant Communication System (MICS) or Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band transmission [12], [13], [14], [15], inductive coupling transmission [16], [17], [18], [19], ultrasonic communication [20], [21], [22], optical communication [23], [24], [25], human body communication (HBC) [26], [27], [28], [29], [30] and impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37]. Most of these solutions achieve a data rate from several Mbps to ∼300 Mbps, while IR-UWB outperforming them by achieving the highest data rate of more than 1 Gbps.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With 50% more pulses and nearly halved pulse positions of ∼50 ps, the modulation order of E-MPPM increased by only 0.5 compared with D-MPPM. Song et al [34], [35] improved the modulation order to 7 by introducing a 4PAM-8PSK-4PPM hybrid modulation, achieving a data rate of 1.66 Gbps with 2-cm transcutaneous transmission range. Compared with a standalone modulation scheme, the adoption of hybrid modulation reduces the requirement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [35].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design of a Low-Power, High-Data-Rate, and Crystal-Less All-Digital IR-UWB Transmitter for High-Density Neural Implants

Lei,

Liu,

Song

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article presents an all-digital, crystal-less impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter for the high-density neural implants with several thousand channels. A six-order hybrid modulation scheme combining the differential 16-pulse-position modulation (D16PPM), pulsewidth modulation (PWM), and differential bi-phase shift keying (DBPSK) is proposed to achieve a high data rate and guarantee the transcutaneous data transmission. A detailed theoretical analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and symbol error rate (SER) relationship is included, along with the analysis of removing the crystal. The proposed transmitter uses a 42-stage bi-phase ring oscillator (RO) to provide all the edges to combine. A highly symmetrical pulse generator and a pulse shaper (PS) with an edge detector (ED) chain are designed, respectively, to realize the proposed modulation scheme efficiently. The transmitter achieves a data rate of 1.8 Gbps with a power consumption of only 4.09 mW. Thus, a power efficiency of 2.3 pJ/bit is achieved. In an ex vivo test, a transcutaneous transmission range of 20 cm was measured with 18-mm pork tissue applied.

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Miniaturized Wideband and Multiband Implantable Antennas

2024

Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications

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A 1.66Gb/s and 5.8pJ/b Transcutaneous IR-UWB Telemetry System with Hybrid Impulse Modulation for Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

A miniaturized and low-energy subcutaneous optical telemetry module for neurotechnology

A miniaturized and low-energy subcutaneous optical telemetry module for neurotechnology

Design of a Low-Power, High-Data-Rate, and Crystal-Less All-Digital IR-UWB Transmitter for High-Density Neural Implants

Miniaturized Wideband and Multiband Implantable Antennas

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