A 1-4 year follow-up study of 306 cases of stroke.

Abstract

To study the long-term prognosis of stroke, we performed annual follow-up examinations on 306 patients who had survived cerebrovascular accidents. All patients had been admitted to the Neurology Service, First Teaching Hospital, Beijing Medical College from January 1, 1976, to December 31, 1978, and were followed up for 1 to 4 years. The series included 217 cases of cerebral thrombosis, 54 of cerebral hemorrhage, and 35 of TIA. The life-table method was used to determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR), cumulative marked improvement rate (CMIR), and cumulative recurrence rate (CRR), for each of these three types of stroke. The main results were the following: 1. The prognosis was not significantly influenced by sex, BP level on admission, or type of cerebrovascular accident. 2. Age was an important prognostic factor. The survival rate decreased significantly in each successive age group. However, age was not a risk factor for recurrence or poor improvement. 3. The cumulative survival rate, cumulative marked improvement rate, and cumulative recurrence rate did not differ significantly among cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and TIA.

Predictors of Socioeconomic Burden and Cost-Effectiveness of Hospital Cares for Ischemic Stroke

“…In keeping with previous studies, advanced age could lead to severe stroke and have a deleterious impact on its prognosis [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Notably, rare studies indicated initial pulse rate as an important mortality predictor for ischemic stroke.…”

“…NIHSS score at admission have been determined as other predictive factors for severe stroke and death of ischemic stroke patients [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Therefore, it is obviously important to recognize the most considerable economic and mortality predictors of stroke.…”

“…In several studies, advanced age has been noted as a considerable prognostic factor for re-hospitalization and death of stroke patients [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Additionally, in a multi-center prospective study evaluated 15,831 ischemic stroke patients, the mortality rate of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) within 28 days after admission was 11.3%, comparable to the non-AF group (3.4%) [15].…”

Variability in duration of follow up may bias the conclusions of cohort studies of patients with patent foramen ovale

“…We retrieved 28 studies [15–42] of patients with ischaemic strokes. Except for four [17,21,25,34], all remaining studies have found that, irrespective of the subtype of the index stroke, the recurrence hazards were highest shortly after it had occurred, with about a quarter [32] to half [15] of the risk at 1 year being accrued during the first 30 days and with a decline in the recurrence hazards during the subsequent 2–5 years. The ratio between the observed rates of recurrent strokes and the expected age‐adjusted rates of a first ever stroke has been similarly reported to decline.…”

Pathophysiological Patterns of Stroke Recurrence

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22]. Recurrence rates follow ing the initial hemorrhage are 3-7% at 1 year and 19% at 5 years [17][18][19]. The period with the highest risk of recurrence depends upon the type o f the first stroke.…”