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Contact hours in Dutch and Vietnamese higher education: a comparison

“…(European Commission 2006) Credit system has a long history in the world with its introduction in the U.S. in as early as the late nineteenth century, in Sweden in 1960s, in Flanders in 1991 and in the Netherlands in 1992. Its main objectives include the transparency of the curriculum, the accountability of the educational system, the flexibility in student transfer amongst institutions and finally, the internationalization with respect to student mobility (de Jong and Van Hout 2002).…”

“…The Dutch credit system, defining work load as the total time for class, independent study and examinations, was officially and legally introduced in 1992 although it was supposed to have its starting point 10 years earlier after the advent of the law "Twee Fasen Strutuur" High Educ (2009) 57:757-767 759 (the Two Tier System) which stipulated the duration of 4 years for most of the study programs (de Jong and Van Hout 2002). This 42-credit point system specified that a full academic year consist of 42 credit points of 40 h study load each, making up the total work load per year of 1,680 h (de Jong and Van Hout 2002; Jansen 2004).…”