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Dean, Anthony J.; Bird, A. J.; Diallo, N.; Ferguson, C.; Lockley, J. J.; Shaw, S. E.; Westmore, Matthew; Willis, D. R.

doi:10.1023/a:1023995803108

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…BAMM reproduces the instrument performance to a level of accuracy that is impossible through analytical techniques alone. For a full review of the mass modelling approach and its applications, see Dean et al (2003). BAPS simulates the GRB flux as it scatters off the atmosphere; the distribution of this scattered flux is recorded as it passes through a volume equivalent to where the CGRO was at the time of the burst.…”

Section: The Batse Albedo Polarimetry System (Baps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of polarisation in the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 930131 and GRB 960924

Willis

Barlow

Bird

et al. 2005

A&A

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Abstract. The true nature of the progenitor to GRBs remains elusive; one characteristic that would constrain our understanding of the GRB mechanism considerably is gamma-ray polarimetry measurements of the initial burst flux. We present a method that interprets the prompt GRB flux as it Compton scatters off the Earth's atmosphere, based on detailed modelling of both the Earth's atmosphere and the orbiting detectors. The BATSE mission aboard the CGRO monitored the whole sky in the 20 keV-1 MeV energy band continuously from April 1991 until June 2000. We present the BATSE Albedo Polarimetry System (BAPS), and show that GRB 930131 and GRB 960924 provide evidence of polarisation in their prompt flux that is consistent with degrees of polarisation of Π > 35% and Π > 50% respectively. While the evidence of polarisation is strong, the method is unable to strongly constrain the degree of polarisation beyond a systematics based estimation. Hence the implications on GRB theory are unclear, and further measurements essential.

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Section: The Batse Albedo Polarimetry System (Baps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of polarisation in the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 930131 and GRB 960924

Willis

Barlow

Bird

et al. 2005

A&A

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“…The second prominent component is albedo gamma rays, coming from cosmic rays interacting with the upper atmosphere. The flux of albedo gamma rays depends on the amount of atmosphere that the detector views [6]. Here, the average background from albedo gamma rays has been presented, which is about 35% of the total background.…”

Section: Prompt Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Background Conditions for Sphinx—The Satellite-Borne Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter

Xie

Pearce

2018

Galaxies

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SPHiNX is a proposed satellite-borne gamma-ray burst polarimeter operating in the energy range 50-500 keV. The mission aims to probe the fundamental mechanism responsible for gamma-ray burst prompt emission through polarisation measurements. Optimising the signal-to-background ratio for SPHiNX is an important task during the design phase. The Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit is used in this work. From the simulation, the total background outside the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is about 323 counts/s, which is dominated by the cosmic X-ray background and albedo gamma rays, which contribute ∼60% and ∼35% of the total background, respectively. The background from albedo neutrons and primary and secondary cosmic rays is negligible. The delayed background induced by the SAA-trapped protons is about 190 counts/s when SPHiNX operates in orbit for one year. The resulting total background level of ∼513 counts/s allows the polarisation of ∼50 GRBs with minimum detectable polarisation less than 30% to be determined during the two-year mission lifetime.

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“…Using the rate of isotope production, ORIHET calculates the radioactivity within each geometry element, and from this DECAY generates the photons and particles produced, and these are then tracked through the geometries by GEANT/GCALOR. For an extensive review of the development and applications of mass modelling see Dean et al (2003).…”

Section: Ggod and The Integral Mass Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is intended to use TIMM to subtract off the systematic background from INTEGRAL observations and thus achieve the statistical sensitivity (so called flat fielding; see Dean et al 2003 for a comprehensive review). The count rate over the IBIS detector planes predicted by TIMM, even with no source, is far from uniform.…”

Section: Future Uses Of Timm -Flat Fieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The INTEGRAL Mass Model – TIMM

Ferguson

Barlow

Bird

et al. 2003

A&A

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Abstract. The INTEGRAL Mass Model (TIMM) was started in 1995 and aimed to create a detailed geometrical model of the whole INTEGRAL satellite on computer. In parallel, a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation code (called GGOD) has been developed. The mass model and the Monte Carlo code together enable the in-flight operation of INTEGRAL to be simulated at the individual event level. Thus TIMM can be used to provide an independent evaluation of the performance of the individual instruments, to study the interference and complementarity between instruments, to generate test data for software development, and as a powerful tool for post-launch diagnosis. In this paper TIMM is briefly reviewed, some examples from ground calibration are presented, and preliminary comparison to flight data is shown. The future use of TIMM to flat field flight data is also briefly discussed.

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Untitled

Cited by 26 publications

References 70 publications

Evidence of polarisation in the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 930131 and GRB 960924

Evidence of polarisation in the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 930131 and GRB 960924

A Study of Background Conditions for Sphinx—The Satellite-Borne Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter

The INTEGRAL Mass Model – TIMM

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