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Bauer, John F.; Elrod, Lee; Fornnarino, Joseph R.; Heathcote, Douglas; Krogh, Sue K.; Linton, Cathie L.; Norris, Barbara J.; Quick, John

doi:10.1023/a:1015992511885

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Several analytical methods are reported for the determination of difloxacin HCl and good results have been obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography [11,12], reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [13], and capillary electrophoresis [14], determining difloxacin HCl in foodstuffs of animal origin [15]. However, these methods were tried using hazardous organic solvents or costly instruments unavailable in most laboratories for routine analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting ZnO nanoparticles as a modifier for carbon paste electrodes for determination of difloxacin HCl

Farhan,

Ismail,

Tamam

et al. 2023

J Solid State Electrochem

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are used to modify carbon paste electrodes for a fast, stable, and sensitive electrochemical determination of difloxacin HCl in pharmaceutical formulation and their photodegradation rate. The small particle size and large surface area of ZnONPs enhance the diffusion rates of the chosen target analyte to many accessible binding sites, increasing the range of the linear structure with a low detection limit and improving the stability and lifetime of the electrode. An initial optimization study included sixteen modified carbon paste electrodes to achieve optimal electrode composition in carbon paste composition, plasticizer type, and the amount of ZnO nanoparticles added as a modifier. We studied the performance parameter of two electrodes, one with ZnONPs (E11) and the other without (E5) to evaluate using ZnONPs as a modifier. The optimized electrode is electrode number eleven (E11), with a paste composition of 39% graphite powder, 39% dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer, 15% difloxacin HCl-sodium tetraphenylborate (DIF-TPB) ion-pair as an ion exchanger, and 7% zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as a modifier, it maintained a Nernstian response over 4 months, with a slope of (57.0 ± 0.4) over the linearity concentration range 6.3 $$\times$$ × 10−6–10−2 M with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.998 and detection limit 6.3 $$\times$$ × 10−6 M within pH range 2–5. The applications of the proposed electrodes are the determination of difloxcine HCl pharmaceuticals formulation and their photocatalytic degradation rate in water samples. The statistical comparison shows no significant difference in accuracy or precision between the reported and the proposed methods. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting ZnO nanoparticles as a modifier for carbon paste electrodes for determination of difloxacin HCl

Farhan,

Ismail,

Tamam

et al. 2023

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…The mobile phase used was 0.05 M phosphate, 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 50% acetonitrile pumped at 1.5 ml/min and the detection was at 280 nm. Bauer et al have determined temafloxacin, sarafloxacin and difloxacin in bulk drug substances and in a variety of dosage forms using HPLC [5]. The detection at 280 nm, provided a linear response of the subject compounds to at least 20 g/ml.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and determination of synthetic impurities of difloxacin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Rao

Nagaraju

2004

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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A simple and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for separation and determination of process-related impurities of difloxacin (DFL) was developed. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C(18) column using methanol-water-acetic acid (78:21.9:0.1, v/v/v) as a mobile solvent at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 28 degrees C using UV detection at 230 nm. It was linear over a range of 0.03 x 10(-6) to 1.60 x 10(-6)g for process related impurities and 0.05 x 10(-6) to 2.40 x 10(-6)g for difloxacin. The detection limits were 0.009 x 10(-6) to 0.024 x 10(-6)g for all the compounds examined. The recoveries were found to be in the range of 97.6-102.0% for impurities as well as difloxacin. The precision and robustness of the method were evaluated. It was used for not only quality assurance, but also monitoring the synthetic reactions involved in the process development work of difloxacin. The method was found to be specific, precise and reliable for the determination of unreacted levels of raw materials, intermediates in the reaction mixtures and the finished products of difloxacin.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, only one method has been described for determining DIF in catfish muscle [15], and only three have been presented for the si- [16][17][18]. In general, most HPLC methods for the determination of fluoroquinolones have been developed to measure a specific quinolone, and only a few reports have described the determination of a specific fluoroquinolone and its active metabolite [15][16][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of difloxacin and its primary metabolite sarafloxacin in rabbit plasma

et al. 2000

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Key Words IF~ C2H5 SummaryAn HPLC method with fluorescence detection is presented for the analysis of difloxacin (DIF) and sarafloxacin (SAR) in rabbit plasma using norfloxacin (NOR) as internal standard ( Figure 1). Plasma sample preparations were carried out by adding phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 0.1 M), followed by extraction with trichloromethane. Fluoroquinolones were separated on a reversed-phase column using an aqueous phosphate solution-acetonitrile (82:18) mobile phase. The concentrations of NOR, SAR and DIF eluting off the colurnn, with retention times of 2.16, 5.60 and 6.20, respectively, were monitored by fuorescence detection at 2ex 338 and 2era 425 nm. The quantitation limit was 12ng mL -1 for SAR and DIE Standard curves were linearly related to concentration in the range from 1 to 1500 ng mL 1. Recovery was determined as 76 % and 70 % for SAR and DIE respectively. Inter-and intraassay coefficients of variation were less than 6 % for all compounds.

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Untitled

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Exploiting ZnO nanoparticles as a modifier for carbon paste electrodes for determination of difloxacin HCl

Exploiting ZnO nanoparticles as a modifier for carbon paste electrodes for determination of difloxacin HCl

Separation and determination of synthetic impurities of difloxacin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Simultaneous determination of difloxacin and its primary metabolite sarafloxacin in rabbit plasma

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