The mechanism behind the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol on Co(0001), Ni(111), Cu(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces was investigated by constructing a microkinetic model from spin‐polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We report that the most energetically favorable pathway for this process is the demethylation of guaiacol to catechol over Ni, which exhibits highly desirable deoxygenation and hydrogenation kinetics at industrial temperatures. Guaiacol readily undergoes hydrogenation over Pt(111) and Pd(111), but the products exhibit slow desorption from the surfaces at standard operation temperatures. Furthermore, the deoxygenation pathway is hindered by the high energy barrier associated with the scission of the Calkyl−O bond.