Stroke constitutes the third leading cause of death in Western countries, and with more than two thirds of stroke patients having major functional limitations (Baum, 1982), stroke is the primary cause of adult disability in the United States (Centers for Disease Control, 2003;Dobkin, 2005;Kelly, Pangilinan, & Rodriguez, 2007). As "stroke is more disabling than lethal" (de Freitas, Bezerra, Maulaz, & Bogousslavsky, 2005, p. 1), stroke survivors represent the largest diagnostic category of referrals to rehabilitation hospitals (Granger, Hamilton, & Gresham, 1988). With the accelerated "graying" of the U.S. population, stroke will remain a public health problem with major personal, societal, and economic implications. Even the "oldest old" may be reasonable candidates for rehabilitation after stroke (Lieberman & Lieberman, 2005). Furthermore, advances in thrombolytic and neuroprotective treatments after stroke