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Vernière, Christian; Hartung, John; Pruvost, Olivier; Civerolo, E. L.; Alvarez, Anne M.; Maestri, P.; Luisetti, Jacques

doi:10.1023/a:1008676508688

Cited by 114 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…BOX and ERIC are conserved and repeated sequence motifs in bacterial genomes that can be surveyed by PCR. In the present analysis, the MGS between XC269 (atypical Xac) and strains XC62 and Xac306 (typical Xac) is 67%, much lower than the MGS of 90% between the two typical Xac strains, consistent with the conclusion that XC269 represents a group of strains, designated A*, distinct from other strains of Xac (27). Similarly, strains XC94 and XC70, representing Xaa, have low MGSs of 25 and 17%, respectively, to extant strains of Xac, as expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The previously unrecognized genetic diversity among samples of CBC that we describe in the herbarium specimens should also alert plant quarantine agencies that many regional or local groups or subgroups of citrus canker pathogens documented in historic herbarium specimens may still persist in their centers of origin, diversity or proliferation. This would explain the continual emergence of novel strains of this pathogen, as has been observed repeatedly over the past decade, for example in Saudi Arabia (27), Florida (28), and Iran (31). Finally, we note that our work would not have been possible if earlier researchers had not deposited voucher specimens from their research in herbaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In contrast, the Xaa strains have host ranges limited to lime or lemon do not occur outside of South America (3) and belong either to a separate pathovar or subspecies (1,2). In addition to the typical strains of both Xac and Xaa, our set of extant reference strains included atypical strains of Xac recently isolated in Saudi Arabia (XC269) (27) and Florida (X01-3) (28). These strains, isolated from lime, have restricted host ranges and also differ from typical Xac serologically and in bacteriophage sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of citrus bacterial canker pathogens preserved in herbarium specimens

Song

Brlansky

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) was first documented in India and Java in the mid 19th century. Since that time, the known distribution of the disease has steadily increased. Concurrent with the dispersion of the pathogen, the diversity of described strains continues to increase, with novel strains appearing in Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Florida in the last decade. Herbarium specimens of infected plants provide an historical record documenting both the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the pathogen in the past. However, no method was available to assess the genetic diversity within these herbarium samples. We have developed a method, insertion event scanning (IES), and applied the method to characterize the diversity present within CBC populations documented as herbarium specimens over the past century. IES is based on the specific amplification of junction fragments that define insertion events. The potential for IES in current forensic applications is demonstrated by finding an exact match of pathogen genotypes preserved in herbarium specimens from Japan and Florida, demonstrating the source of the original outbreak of citrus canker in Florida in 1911. IES is a very sensitive technique for differentiating bacterial strains and can be applied to any of the several hundred bacteria for which full genomic sequence data are available.bacterial diversity ͉ forensic pathology ͉ Xanthomonas C itrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease, caused by Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri (1) ϭ Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (2) is one of the most vexing problems of citriculture (3). The pathogen is spread by wind-driven rain (4, 5), and infection is facilitated, although the pathogen is not transmitted (6), by the citrus leaf miner Phylocnictus citrella. Symptoms include very distinctive raised hyperplastic lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit. These lesions weaken the tree, induce premature fruit drop, and render fruit unmarketable (7). All varieties of citrus are susceptible, and chemical controls are expensive and ineffective. Recurring outbreaks of CBC in Florida (1911Florida ( , 1986Florida ( , 1995 and Australia have therefore triggered vigorous and expensive eradication campaigns (4,7,8). The disease, which is endemic in China, Japan, southern Asia, and Oceania (3) is also endemic in Brazil since the 1950s, where it is managed by extensive survey programs to discover and eradicate infection foci in orange groves. Eradication campaigns mounted in response to a series of independent introductions of the pathogen into Florida since 1986 ended in January of 2006 when the United States Department of Agriculture and State of Florida declared the pathogen to be endemic in the state.The United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service maintains a collection of 741 herbarium specimens of citrus with symptoms typical of CBC, including specimens from the first CBC outbreak in the United States, and numerous accessions originally from the Imperial Chinese and...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic diversity of citrus bacterial canker pathogens preserved in herbarium specimens

Song

Brlansky

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In both methods, the inoculated leaves were covered with a plastic bag for 48 h to facilitate the infection. Leaves were incubated in a growth chamber at 28°C with a photoperiod of 12 h light and 12 h dark for 4 weeks (Verniére et al, 1998; Li and Wang, 2011; Malamud et al, 2012). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The filamentous phage XacF1 causes loss of virulence in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causative agent of citrus canker disease

et al. 2014

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In this study, filamentous phage XacF1, which can infect Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) strains, was isolated and characterized. Electron microscopy showed that XacF1 is a member of the family Inoviridae and is about 600 nm long. The genome of XacF1 is 7325 nucleotides in size, containing 13 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), some of which showed significant homology to Ff-like phage proteins such as ORF1 (pII), ORF2 (pV), ORF6 (pIII), and ORF8 (pVI). XacF1 showed a relatively wide host range, infecting seven out of 11 strains tested in this study. Frequently, XacF1 was found to be integrated into the genome of Xac strains. This integration occurred at the host dif site (attB) and was mediated by the host XerC/D recombination system. The attP sequence was identical to that of Xanthomonas phage Cf1c. Interestingly, infection by XacF1 phage caused several physiological changes to the bacterial host cells, including lower levels of extracellular polysaccharide production, reduced motility, slower growth rate, and a dramatic reduction in virulence. In particular, the reduction in virulence suggested possible utilization of XacF1 as a biological control agent against citrus canker disease.

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“…This disease has been caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) bacteria or Xac pathotype A (Xac-A) which is the most wide spread pathogen in Asia and other citrus growing areas (Verniere et al, 1998). Most commercial citrus including Mexican lime, grapefruits and commercial lime in Thailand (Pan lime) are susceptible host for Xac.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Serological and Molecular Detection of Citrus Canker Pathogen (<i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i>)

Songwattana¹,

Kutudat-Cairns²

2011

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This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The specificity and sensitivity of serological and molecular tools for the detection of citrus canker pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri; Xac) were investigated and compared. Virulence Xac BP210 was used as antigen for antisera production. The sensitivity of 1:2,000 diluted antisera were at 10 6 CFU/mL for live cell and 10 5 CFU/mL for dead cells. The cross-reaction of the antisera was observed only with X. campestris pv. vesicatoria but not other Xanthomonas nor other unrelated bacteria tested. Molecular tool was performed using specific primer to the rpf gene on Xac. The PCR amplification indicated that, allXac isolates amplified a product of 581 bp which was not seen in other Xanthomonas sp. and unrelated bacteria tested. The sensitivity of these specific primers was down to at least 1 cell which was effective to detect the pathogen in both infected symptomatic and asymptomatic lime tissues. The serological tool was able to detect the pathogen only on infected leaves of day 4 post inoculation when the symptoms were already detected by eye. The serological tool can be used to detect and quantify the present of Xac to study the disease development on symptomatic tissues.

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Cited by 114 publications

References 28 publications

Genetic diversity of citrus bacterial canker pathogens preserved in herbarium specimens

Genetic diversity of citrus bacterial canker pathogens preserved in herbarium specimens

The filamentous phage XacF1 causes loss of virulence in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causative agent of citrus canker disease

Comparison between Serological and Molecular Detection of Citrus Canker Pathogen (<i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i>)

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