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Abstract

Ornamental fish breeding and growing are an important sector of aquaculture, which has increased income and occupations in the country in recent years. Presenting the new methods and producing the new food supplements could have effects on efficiency and sustainable development in this new technology. In the present study, the effect of ethanolic extract of F. vulgar having phytoestrogenic compounds on growth performance and fertility rate and gonadal tissue changes of guppy was tested for offering it as a food supplement in the aquaculture. 360 juvenile guppies were distributed into 12 glass aquaria at 30 fish/ tank in triplicate. Four diets containing varying levels of alcoholic extract of F. vulgar seed at 0. 75, 100, 125 µl/g were prepared and fed to the fish twice daily at 3% of their body weight for 133 days. Biometry of the groups was done every 15days. The born fry were separated from the mothers and counted. One fish from all groups were fixed in formalin buffered 10% every 15days for histology. 5 microns sections were prepared and stained with H&E technique. The results for each group were compared statistically with those for the control. Analysis of the results showed a significant increase in weight gain and fertility rate in group T2 (100 µl/g). Gonad cells increased in the test groups comparing with control group simultaneously with raise in phytostrogenes in tests groups. In the follicles, enlarge granulose layer with increase in number of ovules in different evolution stage (O 1 -O 7 ), were seen in test groups. The increase in fertility rate in tests groups may be due to the increase in the level of estrogenic compound which in turn could be due to the action of the extract present in the diet. The observation made in the present investigation show that F. vulgar can act as a phytoestrogenic compound at low concentration and hence F. vulgar can be considered as a potential as well as a natural additive to fish feed in commercial aquaculture to augment the fertility rate.

The Dietary Effect of Vitex agnus-castus Hydroalcoholic Extract on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, Carcass Quality, Sex Ratio and Gonad Histology in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Thus, it is essential to use the phytoestrogens such as the Vitex agnus-castus extract before the beginning of the reproduction season. Findings in the present study are consistent with the findings of Nazari and Roozbehani (2015) [41]. Their research on Poecilia reticulata indicates that Fennel Foeniculum vulgar extract influenced by the maturity of the ovum in a shorter time.…”

“…Nazari and Roozbehani (2015) [41] described that Guppy larvae (Poecilia reticulata) were positively affected by phytoestrogens. The larvae attained the best enactment and displayed the fastest development of gonad using the herbal extract.…”

Unveiling the Effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Seed Essential Oil as a Diet Supplement on the Biochemical Parameters and Reproductive Function in Female Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio)

“…For instance, according to Kesbic et al [29], the administration of a Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa hartw) leaf essential oil as a dietary supplement of C. carpio's diet was found to be a suitable growth promotor. Moreover, similar results to our findings were obtained in the treatment of Oreochromis niloticus and Poecilia reticulate with fennel [17,30]. Studies have shown that a Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil supplementation in fish diets was able to optimize growth performance, feed utilization, and general health status [31,32].…”

“…Notably, fennel acetone extract shows promise in menstrual cycle regulation [14], and it may affect hormone levels by increasing the follicle-stimulating hormone while decreasing the luteinizing hormone and testosterone [15]. Moreover, fennel essential oils notably influence oocyte maturation and sexual maturity in fishes [16,17].…”

Estragole: A review of its pharmacology, effect on animal health and performance, toxicology, and market regulatory issues

“…Increased fertility rate (101) Moreover, Ivanov et al (69) showed that the Agastache foeniculum composed of 93.45% estragole produced a MIC of 1.25 L/ml on the growth of S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and other gram-positive bacteria. Estragole, the main volatile ingredient in A. rugosa essential oils, may be responsible for their phytotoxic and antibacterial properties (70).…”