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doi:10.2208/proce1989.48.346

Cited by 22 publications

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“…The proposed types of faulting that induced the Meiwa tsunami include an intraplate fault (Nakamura 2006), a plate boundary fault (Nakamura 2009) or a splay fault (Arai et al 2016). Moreover, nonearthquake mechanisms have also been proposed because such a large discrepancy exists between maximum run-up heights by faulting models and observations (Imamura et al 2001), and between the earthquake and the tsunami magnitudes (Nakamura 2006). Submarine landslides have also been suggested as contributing to the enhancement of the Meiwa tsunami (Imamura et al 2001).…”

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“…Moreover, nonearthquake mechanisms have also been proposed because such a large discrepancy exists between maximum run-up heights by faulting models and observations (Imamura et al 2001), and between the earthquake and the tsunami magnitudes (Nakamura 2006). Submarine landslides have also been suggested as contributing to the enhancement of the Meiwa tsunami (Imamura et al 2001). Indeed, submarine landslides on continental margins are regarded as a general mechanism that generates tsunami waves (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Earlier work (e.g. Imamura et al 2001;Miyazawa et al 2012) proposed that submarine landslides to the south of Ishigaki-jima are possible additional sources of the Meiwa tsunami. Indeed, the forearc basin (Hateruma Basin) located to the south of Ishigaki-jima is considered as the most likely place where mass-transport deposits resulting from submarine landslide around the forearc are preserved.…”

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Seafloor morphology and sediment magnetic fabric in a putative 1771 Meiwa tsunami source region in the southern Ryukyu Islands, SW Japan

Kanamatsu

Ikehara

Misawa

2020

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The Meiwa tsunami of AD 1771 is regarded as an extremely strong tsunami event causing devastating damage in Japan in historical times. Earlier studies explored the possibility that a submarine landslide enhanced the Meiwa tsunami waves. We collected detailed seafloor bathymetry data, sub-bottom structure data and surface sediments in a putative Meiwa tsunami source region to ascertain any signature related to a submarine landslide in the forearc region, which is located south of Ishigaki-jima. The forearc-region seafloor is characterized by its surface submarine landslide morphology. However, the investigated magnetic fabric of surface sediment revealed that there was no landslide mass deposit during historical times. The described landslide morphology in the basin is unrelated to the generation or enhancement of the AD 1771 Meiwa tsunami, although the disturbed relief in the topography of the study area indicates that the forearc region is susceptible to slope failure because of its tectonic setting.

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Seafloor morphology and sediment magnetic fabric in a putative 1771 Meiwa tsunami source region in the southern Ryukyu Islands, SW Japan

Kanamatsu

Ikehara

Misawa

2020

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Re-evaluation of the 1771 Meiwa Tsunami Source Model, Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Miyazawa

Goto

Imamura

2011

Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences

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The 1771 Meiwa Tsunami, which was generated on 24 April 1771, struck the Miyako-Yaeyama Islands located in the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. It was one of the most devastating tsunamis ever to hit Japan. Based on historical documents and recent field surveys, the run-up heights at some areas of the Miyako-Yaeyama Islands were estimated as up to 30 m at Ishigaki Island, although it is noteworthy that the extremely high run-up heights were only observed at the southeastern coast of the island and those in other areas were generally lower than 10-15 m. Based on these run-up heights, several tsunami source models have been proposed. However, the model remains controversial because the actual fault, the putative tsunami source, has not been identified. For this study, we conducted numerical calculations to test the tsunami source models. We used reliable observed run-up heights including newly available data around the Miyako Islands as well as the high-resolution bathymetric data with reef topography. By comparing estimated and calculated run-up heights, we tested the validity of the previously proposed models as well as that of our own. Results showed that the tsunami generated by the reverse dip-slip intraplate fault plus the subsequent occurrence of a submarine landslide offshore from southeastern Ishigaki Island is the preferred model because it reproduces the historically documented run-up heights well. In particular, this model explains unusually high run-up heights at the southeastern coast of Ishigaki Island

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Cited by 22 publications

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Seafloor morphology and sediment magnetic fabric in a putative 1771 Meiwa tsunami source region in the southern Ryukyu Islands, SW Japan

Seafloor morphology and sediment magnetic fabric in a putative 1771 Meiwa tsunami source region in the southern Ryukyu Islands, SW Japan

Re-evaluation of the 1771 Meiwa Tsunami Source Model, Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan

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