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Abstract

R-banded chromosomes of Vietnamese sika (VS) deer (Cervus nippon pseudaxis, 2N = 66), a threatened subspecies of sika deer endemic to Vietnam, are presented for the first time and were compared with bovine R-banded chromosomes to define a standard karyotype. Nineteen VS deer autosomes (CNP) were identified on the basis of the banding pattern relative to bovine chromosomes (BTA), while hypotheses for the remaining thirteen were proposed from comparisons with the published deer genetic map, BTA 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 each equivalent to two separate acrocentric CNP chromosomes and BTA 26 and 28 associated in a tandem fusion. To confirm these hypotheses, probes for the twenty-nine Texas nomenclature type I markers specific for each cattle autosome, sixteen other type I and fourteen microsatellite markers were used in FISH experiments on VS deer chromosomes. CNP7 presented the most complex rearrangement as compared with cattle chromosomes. A complete correspondence between VS deer and cattle chromosomes was established and it was extended with a comparison with the human karyotype to transfer human map information to this species of scientific and economic interest. Moreover, this work anchors the deer genetic linkage map to chromosome-specific markers.

Karyotype relationships among selected deer species and cattle revealed by bovine FISH probes

“…The main characteristic in all studied Cervini species is one common submetacentric chromosome which arose via Robertsonian fusion of segments homologous to the BTA17 and 19. This is in accordance with previous studies, based on G, R—banded chromosomes [ 3 , 7 , 25 ]. We confirmed centric fusions of cattle homologs in CTR and REL biarmed chromosomes, which were previously described by R-banding and BAC mapping [ 3 ].…”

“…Only the use of high-density BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) mapping enables precise detection of intrachromosomal rearrangements and their breakpoints in different species. Changes in homologous chromosomes were detected for example in BTA3 homolog between Bovini and Antilopini [ 24 ] or in BTA1 homolog between Bovidae and Cervidae, Giraffidae and Antilocapridae [ 25 , 19 ]. An alternative to the high resolution BAC mapping is the in silico bioinformatic approach, which allows to detect cryptic chromosomal divergencies.…”

Karyotype and Idiogram of the Axis Deer (<i>Axia axis</i>, Cervidae) by Conventional Staining, GTG-, High-Resolution GTG-, and Ag-NOR-Banding Techniques

“…7, 8). Comparison to the reports of Herzog (1987) and Bonnet et al (2001), which revealed the respective 353 and 409 bands of banding pattern on metaphase chromosomes for red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Vietnamese sika deer (C. nippon psuedaxis), this study showed a lower number of bands because only the bands which were clearly observed were counted.…”

Isolation and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cell line

“…All of the autosomes are telocentric except the X and Y chromosomes, which are metacentric [77]. Transformed cells have been shown to be aneuploid or heteroploid [78].…”