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Barbour, Elie K.; Nabbut, Nassim H.; Hamadeh, S.K.; Al-Nakhli, Habeeb M.

doi:10.1023/a:1005855318665

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Trueperella pyogenes is a common bacterial isolate from chronic suppurative pneumonia in cattle [15,20], and sheep [21]. Extended treatment with procaine penicillin in this study was effective where lung lesions did not extend dorsally more than 10 to 15 cm above the level on the chest wall indicated by the point of the olecranon however no long term survival data are available as culling was recommended because of the likelihood of recurrence following stress (e.g.…”

Section: Discussion and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentation, auscultation recordings, ultrasonographic findings and treatment response of 12 adult cattle with chronic suppurative pneumonia: case study

Scott

2013

Ir Vet J

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Auscultation is considered the critical component of the veterinary clinical examination for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease but the accuracy with which adventitious sounds reflect underlying lung pathology remains largely unproven. Modern portable ultrasound machines provide the veterinary practitioner with an inexpensive, non-invasive tool with which to examine the pleural surfaces and superficial lung parenchyma. Simultaneous recording of sounds overlying normal lung and defined pathology allows critical assessment of auscultated sounds in the same animal removing confounding factors such as respiratory rate and thickness of the chest wall (body condition). Twelve cows, referred to the University of Edinburgh Veterinary School, were diagnosed with chronic suppurative pneumonia and enrolled into this prospective study to record and monitor lung sounds, ultrasonographic findings, and response to a standardised antibiotic treatment regimen.Most cows (8/12) had a normal rectal temperature on presentation but all cows had received antibiotic therapy at some time in the previous two weeks and six animals were receiving antibiotic treatment upon admission. All cattle were tachypnoeic (>40 breaths per minute) with frequent and productive coughing, halitosis, and a purulent nasal discharge most noticeable when the head was lowered. Ultrasonographic examination of the chest readily identified pathological changes consistent with severe lung pathology subsequently confirmed as chronic suppurative pneumonia in four cows at necropsy; eight cows recovered well after antibiotic treatment and were discharged two to six weeks after admission. It proved difficult to differentiate increased audibility of normal lung sounds due to tachypnoea from wheezes; coarse crackles were not commonly heard. In general, sounds were reduced in volume over consolidated lung relative to normal lung tissue situated dorsally. Rumen contraction sounds were commonly transmitted over areas of lung pathology.Trueperella (formerly Arcanobacterium) pyogenes was isolated from three of four lung tissue samples at necrospy. Treatment with procaine penicillin for 42 consecutive days resulted in marked improvement with return to normal appetite and improvement in body condition in 8 of 12 cows (67%) where lesions did not extend more than 10-15 cm above the level of the olecranon on both sides of the chest.

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Section: Discussion and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentation, auscultation recordings, ultrasonographic findings and treatment response of 12 adult cattle with chronic suppurative pneumonia: case study

Scott

2013

Ir Vet J

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“…Previously, the bacteria in healthy domestic sheep lungs had been investigated by culture-based methods, which seemed to indicate that bacterial colonization of the sheep lung was rare or did not occur in all sheep ( 11 , 12 , 14 ). In contrast, using non-culture-based methods, we have found that all of the sampled sites in our seven sheep harbored diverse communities of bacteria, although in far smaller numbers than is generally found in other niches, such as the gut or upper respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lung microbiota of healthy domestic sheep has previously been investigated using culture-based methods ( 11 – 14 ), but these studies have shown conflicting descriptions of the extent of lung colonization by bacteria. A study of pneumonic Bighorn sheep lungs found that, for most sheep studied, bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was able to identify additional bacterial species which were not found by culturing ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of pneumonic Bighorn sheep lungs found that, for most sheep studied, bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was able to identify additional bacterial species which were not found by culturing ( 15 ). Previous studies have also examined the upper respiratory tracts of healthy sheep by culture-based methods ( 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 ). These studies are highly varied in the types and proportions of microbes identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota

Glendinning

Wright

Pollock

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Sequencing technologies have recently facilitated the characterization of bacterial communities present in lungs during health and disease. However, there is currently a dearth of information concerning the variability of such data in health both between and within subjects. This study seeks to examine such variability using healthy adult sheep as our model system. Protected specimen brush samples were collected from three spatially disparate segmental bronchi of six adult sheep (age, 20 months) on three occasions (day 0, 1 month, and 3 months). To further explore the spatial variability of the microbiotas, more-extensive brushing samples (n = 16) and a throat swab were taken from a separate sheep. The V2 and V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq. DNA sequences were analyzed using the mothur software package. Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify total bacterial DNA. Some sheep lungs contained dramatically different bacterial communities at different sampling sites, whereas in others, airway microbiotas appeared similar across the lung. In our spatial variability study, we observed clustering related to the depth within the lung from which samples were taken. Lung depth refers to increasing distance from the glottis, progressing in a caudal direction. We conclude that both host influence and local factors have impacts on the composition of the sheep lung microbiota.IMPORTANCE Until recently, it was assumed that the lungs were a sterile environment which was colonized by microbes only during disease. However, recent studies using sequencing technologies have found that there is a small population of bacteria which exists in the lung during health, referred to as the “lung microbiota.” In this study, we characterize the variability of the lung microbiotas of healthy sheep. Sheep not only are economically important animals but also are often used as large animal models of human respiratory disease. We conclude that, while host influence does play a role in dictating the types of microbes which colonize the airways, it is clear that local factors also play an important role in this regard. Understanding the nature and influence of these factors will be key to understanding the variability in, and functional relevance of, the lung microbiota.

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“…Success was defined as a rapid return to normal appetite, marked improvement in body condition, and normal respiratory rate. Penicillin is the antibiotic of choice for chronic respiratory disease in cattle and sheep because of the frequent isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes [11, 18]. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was the most common bacterial isolate from chronic suppurative pneumonia cases in cattle and such chronic infections were treated with a 4–6-week course of procaine penicillin with reasonable success [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Treatment Response of Chronic Lung Diseases of Adult Sheep in the United Kingdom Based upon Ultrasonographic Findings

Scott

2014

Veterinary Medicine International

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Examination of the lungs of adult sheep with chronic respiratory diseases was readily achieved using both 5 MHz linear and sector scanners. Superficial lung abscesses in eight sheep appeared as anechoic areas containing multiple hyperechoic dots bordered distally by a broad hyperechoic capsule. Unilateral fibrinous pleurisy (2 sheep) appeared as an anechoic area containing a hyperechoic latticework. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) lesions appeared as sharply demarcated hypoechoic areas in the lung parenchyma initially in the cranioventral lung lobes (21 sheep) with lesions also present in the caudodorsal diaphragmatic lobe (11 sheep); abscesses and areas of calcification within the OPA tumour mass were also identified. Daily treatment with procaine penicillin for 30 consecutive days was successful in both sheep with unilateral fibrinous pleurisy and six sheep identified with superficial lung abscesses measuring 2–8 cm in diameter; only one of two sheep with more extensive lesions recovered. Auscultation of the chest failed to detect adventitious sounds in any of the ten sheep with lung abscesses; normal breath sounds were reduced over the area of fibrinous pleurisy; no pleuritic rubs were heard. Wheezes and crackles auscultated in some OPA cases and did not correlate well with lesions detected ultrasonographically.

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Untitled

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Clinical presentation, auscultation recordings, ultrasonographic findings and treatment response of 12 adult cattle with chronic suppurative pneumonia: case study

Clinical presentation, auscultation recordings, ultrasonographic findings and treatment response of 12 adult cattle with chronic suppurative pneumonia: case study

Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota

Antibiotic Treatment Response of Chronic Lung Diseases of Adult Sheep in the United Kingdom Based upon Ultrasonographic Findings

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