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The review of possible interrelations between ionic conductivity, internal friction and the viscosity of glasses and glass forming melts within the framework of Maxwell equations

“…This fact has been discovered long ago (see [46]) and studied by Mazurin [47]; (2) The d.c. conductivity of silicate glasses containing only alkalineearth cation may be due solely to impurities because the mobility of these cations is very low [48]. This result has been obtained in Russia too [49].…”

Fluoride-modified electrical properties of lead borate glasses and electrochemically induced crystallization in the glassy state

“…To account for this result, one should reasonably assume a change of dominating charge carriers in the systems, in good agreement with a previous such statement in literature when comparing electrical transport features in fluoride-free and fluoridecontaining lead borate glasses. 5,13 That is, while the electric current in lead fluoroborate glasses is carried by the fluoride ions, 4,5 the one in lead borate glasses has been invoked to rather be of protonic type owing to the presence of hydrogen impurities that are not completely eliminated from the glass structure. 13 The E BG values estimated here compare well with those values previously reported in the literature for lead fluoroborate glasses.…”

“…5,13 That is, while the electric current in lead fluoroborate glasses is carried by the fluoride ions, 4,5 the one in lead borate glasses has been invoked to rather be of protonic type owing to the presence of hydrogen impurities that are not completely eliminated from the glass structure. 13 The E BG values estimated here compare well with those values previously reported in the literature for lead fluoroborate glasses. samples with x Ͼ 5 ͑BPP10, BPP15, and BPP20͒ after subsequent electrical measurements at the same temperature of 225°C.…”

Second-order nonlinearities of lead borate glasses poled with different electrodes

“…There are two kinds of possible carriers in lead borate glasses: lead ions (Pb 2+ ) [14] and hydrogen [15] (H + or H 3 O + , denoted as H + below). H + exists in PbO/B 2 O 3 glasses because dissociation of water occurs during sample preparation.…”