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Abstract

Drug discovery is a process that aims at identifying a compound therapeutically useful in curing and treating disease. This process involves the identification of candidates, synthesis, characterization, validation, optimization, screening, and assays for therapeutic efficacy. Once a compound has shown its significance in these investigations, it will initiate the drug development process earlier to clinical trials. The new drug development process must continue through several stages to make a safe, effective medicine that has approved all regulatory requirements. One overall theme of our article is that the process is sufficiently long, complex, and expensive, so many biological targets must be considered for every new medicine ultimately approved for clinical use, and new research tools may be needed to investigate each new target. From initial discovery to a marketable medicine is a long, challenging task. It takes about 12 -15 years from discovery to the approved medication and requires an investment of about USD 1 billion. This article outlines the processes of new drug discovery and development.INTRODUCTION: Drug discovery is the process through which potential new medicines are identified. It involves a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, and pharmacology 1-2 . In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin 3 .