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Kime, Ryotaro; Karlsen, Trine; Nioka, Shoko; Lech, Gwen; Madsen, Ørjan; Sæterdal, Rolf; Im, Joohee; Chance, Britton; Stray-Gundersen, J.

doi:10.1186/1476-5918-2-4

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding is also consistent with other studies where training was associated with faster reoxygenation after repeated sprints, whether 2 × 15-s sprint with 15-s recovery (Buchheit and Ufland, 2011 ; Delextrat et al, 2018 ) or 5 × 30-s sprint with 4-min recovery (Jones et al, 2015 ). A faster increase in SmO 2 post-effort suggests that the O 2 supply/O 2 consumption balance is being restored more rapidly, and it has been suggested that the main factors accounting for such change are improved muscle oxidative capacity (Puente-Maestu et al, 2003 ), muscle blood flow and capillarization (Kime et al, 2003 ). These adaptations of the peripheral system may very well have taken place during the kayak-specific 3-weeks training camp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a 3-Weeks Training Camp on Muscle Oxygenation, V˙O2 and Performance in Elite Sprint Kayakers

Paquette

Bieuzen²,

Billaut

2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Purpose: Peripheral adaptations, as assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived changes in muscle oxygenation (SmO 2), are good predictors of sprint kayak performance. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess changes in SmO 2 andVO 2 following a training camp in elite sprint kayakers to evaluate if the training prescribed elicits peripheral adaptations, and to assess associations between training-induced changes in physiological responses and performance. Methods: Eight male elite sprint kayakers, members of the Canadian National Team, performed a 200-m and 1,000-m on-water time trial (TT) before and after a 3-weeks winter training camp. Change in performance,VO 2 and SmO 2 of the biceps brachii were assessed in relation to training load. Results: Training load and intensity were increased by ∼20% over the course of the training camp, which resulted in a 3.7 ± 1.7% (ES 1.2) and 2.8 ± 2.4% (ES 1.3) improvement in 200-m and 1,000-m performance, respectively. Performance improvement in the 200-m was concomitant to a reduced SmO 2 , an increasedVO 2 peak and an increased reoxygenation rate after the TT. The 1,000-m TT performance improvement was concurrent with a reduced SmO 2 in the last half of the TT and an increasedVO 2 in the first minute of the TT. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that peripheral skeletal muscle adaptations occurred in these athletes with the proposed training plan. This further attests the benefit of using portable NIRS as a monitoring tool to track training-induced adaptations in muscle oxygen extraction in elite athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a 3-Weeks Training Camp on Muscle Oxygenation, V˙O2 and Performance in Elite Sprint Kayakers

Paquette

Bieuzen²,

Billaut

2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Compared with sea-level training, IHT has the potential to induce a further physiological strain 68 and specific molecular adaptations, 11 12 69 though not necessarily associated with improved exercise capacity. The rationale of using IHT relies on the hypothesis that these muscle adaptations surpass those triggered by normoxic exercise.…”

Section: Current Trends: Is It Time To Move Beyond Iht?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing hypoxic training in team sports: from intermittent hypoxic training to repeated sprint training in hypoxia

2013

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Over the past two decades, intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), that is, a method where athletes live at or near sea level but train under hypoxic conditions, has gained unprecedented popularity. By adding the stress of hypoxia during ‘aerobic’ or ‘anaerobic’ interval training, it is believed that IHT would potentiate greater performance improvements compared to similar training at sea level. A thorough analysis of studies including IHT, however, leads to strikingly poor benefits for sea-level performance improvement, compared to the same training method performed in normoxia. Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. To overcome some of the inherent limitations of IHT (lower training stimulus due to hypoxia), recent studies have successfully investigated a new training method based on the repetition of short (<30 s) ‘all-out’ sprints with incomplete recoveries in hypoxia, the so-called repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). The aims of the present review are therefore threefold: first, to summarise the main mechanisms for interval training and repeated sprint training in normoxia. Second, to critically analyse the results of the studies involving high-intensity exercises performed in hypoxia for sea-level performance enhancement by differentiating IHT and RSH. Third, to discuss the potential mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of those methods, and their inherent limitations, along with the new research avenues surrounding this topic.

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“…The present results confirm these findings and together highlight muscle reoxygenation capacity as an important factor of the ability to reproduce mechanical performance in subsequent sprint repetitions. The recovery of phosphocreatine and muscle reoxygenation after exercise presents similar kinetics (Chance, Dait, Zhang, Hamaoka, & Hagerman, 1992;Kime et al, 2003;McCully et al, 1994), and it has been reported that hyperoxia accelerates phosphocreatine resynthesis (Haseler, Richardson, Videen, & Hogan, 1998;Hogan, Richardson, & Haseler, 1999). It is therefore probable that a better muscle reoxygenation in HYP would have translated into a better PCr resynthesis during the recovery periods and a higher PCr availability for subsequent sprints.…”

Section: Hyperoxia and Arterial And Muscle Oxygenationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Hyperoxia improves repeated-sprint ability and the associated training load in athletes

Cyr-Kirk

Billaut

2022

Preprint

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1AbstractThis study investigated the impact of hyperoxic gas breathing (HYP) on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and on the associated training load (TL). Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes performed 6-s all-out sprints with 24-s recovery until exhaustion (power decrement ≥ 15% for two consecutive sprints) under normoxic (NOR: FIO2 0.21) and hyperoxic (HYP: FiO2 0.40) conditions in a randomized, single-blind and crossover design. The following variables were recorded throughout the tests: mechanical indices, arterial O2 saturation (SpO2), oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle with near-infrared spectroscopy, and electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles. Session TL (work x rate of perceived exertion) and neuromuscular efficiency (work/EMG) were calculated. Compared with NOR, HYP increased SpO2 (2.7 ± 0.8%, Cohen’s effect size ES 0.55), the number of sprints (14.5 ± 8.6%, ES 0.28), the total mechanical work (13.6 ± 6.8%, ES 0.30) and the session TL (19.4 ± 7.0%, ES 0.33). Concomitantly, HYP increased the amplitude of muscle oxygenation changes during sprints (25.2 ± 11.7%, ES 0.36) and recovery periods (26.1 ± 11.4%, ES 0.37), as well as muscle recruitment (9.9 ± 12.1%, ES 0.74) and neuromuscular efficiency (6.9 ± 9.0%, ES 0.24). We conclude that breathing a hyperoxic mixture enriched to 40% O2 improves the total work performed and the associated training load during an open-loop RSA session in trained athletes. This ergogenic impact may be mediated by metabolic and neuromuscular alterations.

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Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxic training on the cardiorespiratory system and skeletal muscle among well-trained endurance athletes in a randomized cross-over design.

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of a 3-Weeks Training Camp on Muscle Oxygenation, V˙O2 and Performance in Elite Sprint Kayakers

Effect of a 3-Weeks Training Camp on Muscle Oxygenation, V˙O2 and Performance in Elite Sprint Kayakers

Advancing hypoxic training in team sports: from intermittent hypoxic training to repeated sprint training in hypoxia

Hyperoxia improves repeated-sprint ability and the associated training load in athletes

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