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Garcés, Isabel Granada; López, Pedro Lucha; Auqué, Luis F.; Chong, Guillermo; Vallès, Vincent; Gimeno, M. Concepción

doi:10.3989/egeol.96521-2251

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Garcés et al report a radial density gradient (from inside to outside), most likely due to differences in the flow regime within the area, with the data in Tables S2 and S4 corresponding to a situation where both recharge and drain were larger than in the previous study, leading to more diluted brines overall (as observed comparing both data sets).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…No top/bottom gradients have been taken into account previously for diagenesis purposes − but are clearly observed in our data taken in situ. This result is relevant for studies, such as isotopic analysis, in which the homogeneity or stratification of the waters play a relevant role.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…No seasonal changes have been reported in the previous literature, − which worked with data collected in August and December only. Our data were collected in October and March and fortunately can be used to complement the previous data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The Puquı́os de Huatacondo are located where Quebrada de Maní, Quebrada Sipuca, and other minor drainage basins meet the salt crust of Llamara. The level of the puquı́os is mainly controlled by the balance between the incoming groundwater flow and the local evaporation rate, which is seasonally controlled. ,,, The evaporation rate has a much larger impact. Water slowly migrates southwards, globally sweeping the Puquı́os de Huatacondo area, but locally this flow gets more complex NW of Cerro Soledad, where puquı́os are located .…”

Section: Geological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive report on the geology and hydrology of the Pampa del Tamarugal, where the Salar de Llamara is located, can be found in ref and references therein. The most relevant studies of the hydrochemistry and mineralogy of the Huatacondo ponds were published by refs − . They show that the brines in these ponds are subject to a strong evaporation process that leads to the precipitation of calcite and gypsum, and they also show the evolution of the chemical composition of the brines with evaporation, modeling the equilibrium precipitation of mineral phases beyond the evaporation level of current puquı́o brines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical and Mineralogical Evolution through Evaporitic Processes in Salar de Llamara Brines (Atacama, Chile)

Otálora¹,

Criado-Reyes²,

Baselga³

et al. 2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The study of extreme evaporitic environments is a subject of increasing interest in sedimentary petrology and planetary geology. We report here the evaporitic precipitation in the shallow, small lakes (puquı ́os) at the Salar de Llamara (Atacama Desert, northern Chile). We have used a combination of in situ/laboratory/modeling methodologies allowing for the definition of a detailed, in-depth model for the sequence of evaporitic precipitation in the puquı ́os. The in situ measurements in these ponds reveal that brines are density-stratified with important gradients in salinity, temperature, and other properties of the solution (pH, oxidation/reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen). These vertical gradients, along with the lateral and seasonal variations, are the main factors of chemical variability controlling the precipitation processes. The evaporation of these brines drives the chemical evolution of the different ions and produces two distinct mineral assemblages: (i) large structures made of millimetric to centrimetric-size crystals of gypsum often forming thrombolite-like or stromatolite-like morphologies in the ponds and (ii) salt crusts made of mainly gypsum, eugsterite, halite, and thenardite surrounding the ponds. Evaporation experiments in the laboratory monitored by in situ X-ray diffraction and optical videomicroscopy reveal a precipitation sequence in accordance with field observations but distinct from the thermodynamically predicted precipitation. The actual formation of eugsterite, rather than glauberite, and the observed delay in gypsum dissolution are explained using kinetic evaporation models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Geological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical and Mineralogical Evolution through Evaporitic Processes in Salar de Llamara Brines (Atacama, Chile)

Otálora¹,

Criado-Reyes²,

Baselga³

et al. 2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Lithium- and boron-bearing brines in the Central Andes: exploring hydrofacies on the eastern Puna plateau between 23° and 23°30′S

Steinmetz

2016

Miner Deposita

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Internally drained basins of the Andean Plateau are lithium-and boron-bearing systems. The exploration of ionic facies and parental links in a playa lake located in the eastern Puna (23°-23°30′S) was assessed by hydrochemical determinations of residual brines, feed waters and solutions from weathered rocks. Residual brines have been characterized by the Cl − (SO 4 =)/Na + (K +) ratio. Residual brines from the playa lake contain up to 450 mg/l of boron and up to 125 mg/l of lithium, and the Las Burras River supplies the most concentrated boron (20 mg/l) and lithium (3.75 mg/l) inflows of the basin. The hydrogeochemical assessment allowed for the identification of three simultaneous sources of boron: (1) inflow originating from granitic areas of the Aguilar and Tusaquillas ranges; (2) weathering of the Ordovician basement; and (3) boron-rich water from the Las Burras River. Most of the lithium input of the basin is likely generated by present geothermal sources rather than by weathering and leaching of ignimbrites and plutonic rocks. However, XRD analyses of playa lake sediments revealed the presence of lithian micas of clastic origin, including taeniolite and eucriptite. This study is the first to document these rare Li-micas from the Puna basin. Thus, both residual brines and lithian micas contribute to the total Li content in the studied hydrologic system.

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Revealing the mechanisms of soil gypsum formation in the Atacama Desert through triple oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of gypsum hydration water

Gázquez,

Voigt,

Claire

et al. 2024

CATENA

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Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Hydrochemical and Mineralogical Evolution through Evaporitic Processes in Salar de Llamara Brines (Atacama, Chile)

Hydrochemical and Mineralogical Evolution through Evaporitic Processes in Salar de Llamara Brines (Atacama, Chile)

Lithium- and boron-bearing brines in the Central Andes: exploring hydrofacies on the eastern Puna plateau between 23° and 23°30′S

Revealing the mechanisms of soil gypsum formation in the Atacama Desert through triple oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of gypsum hydration water

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