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Yano, Mutsumi; Fujitani, S.; Nishio, Koji; Akai, Yuto; Kurimura, Masaaki

doi:10.1023/a:1003437322233

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[4] Zinc was added with mercury to suppress the evolution of hydrogen gas brought on by the selfdischarge reactions of zinc and by the increase in internal cell impedance. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The use of mercury has become an environmental issue, and the attention has been focused on developing mercury-free batteries. In general, either zinc or its alloys are used as anodes in these batteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Study of Zinc, Nickel, and Zinc-Nickel Alloys in Alkaline Solutions by Tafel Plot and Impedance Techniques

El-Sayed

Mohran

El‐Lateef

2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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The article describes the use of Tafel plot and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, in order to study the corrosion process of pure zinc, nickel, and synthetic Zn-Ni alloys in various concentrations (0.25 to 1 M) of KOH solution in a temperature range 298 K to 328 K (25°C to 55°C). The corrosion rate increases with increasing both concentration of KOH and temperature for all investigated electrodes. The results showed that the increase in Ni content improves the corrosion resistance and increases the barrier of activation energy, and the higher value of corrosion resistance is obtained at 10 pct Ni. The electrochemical measurements using two mentioned techniques are in good agreement with the results of microhardness in that the microhardness gradually increases with increasing Ni content in the alloy. Thus, the corrosion rate of these alloys is significantly reduced compared with that of pure zinc. It is observed that the Warburg tail at low frequency completely disappears at the applied potentials in the case of alloy IV (10 pct Ni) only. This indicates that the diffusion of Zn ion species is strongly reduced. Therefore, addition of Ni to Zn has a beneficial effect, because it leads to lower loss of anode material. The results obtained at certain positive potential (+420 mV vs SCE) exhibited that the semicircle diameter in the case of alloys is lower compared with that of pure zinc. This result means that the values of the charge transfer resistance (R ct ) in the case of alloys are decreased, due to the breakdown of the oxide layer at this potential. This behavior can be considered as an important criterion for a good battery anode, due to reactivation of the alloy surface at certain positive potential (+0.420 V vs SCE) and suppression of hydrogen gas compared with those of pure zinc.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Study of Zinc, Nickel, and Zinc-Nickel Alloys in Alkaline Solutions by Tafel Plot and Impedance Techniques

El-Sayed

Mohran

El‐Lateef

2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…This condition makes it difficult for the batteries to be sealed. Consequently, a considerable number of attempts have been made to substitute mercury with other additives [11][12][13][14][15]. Yamakawa et al reported that adding multiple components, such as viz., indium, lead, bismuth, and tin, to zinc particles is effective in suppressing hydrogen gas evolution [13].…”

Section: Zn(oh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Hydrogen Formation with Calcium Hydroxide on Zinc Electrode of Film-type Manganese Battery

Yun¹,

Kim²,

Hong³

et al. 2015

Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials

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A manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) layer and zinc (Zn) layer are used as the cathode and the anode to develop filmtype manganese battery, in which a stack of a MnO 2 layer, gel electrolyte, and Zn layer are sandwiched between two plastic layers. This paper describes the chemical equation of swelling control upon the film-type manganese battery. We examined the reduction of hydrogen formation, by using calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 as an additive in the electrolyte of film-type manganese battery. The phenomena or an effect of reduced hydrogen gas was proven by cyclic voltammogram, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and volume of hydrogen formation. The amount of H 2 gas generation in the presence of Ca 2+ ion was reduced from 4.81 to 4.15 cc/g-zinc (14%), and the corrosion of zinc electrode in the electrolyte was strongly inhibited as time passed.

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“…The increased hydrogen overpotential provided less cathodic current to drive the corrosion process. Other methods of modifying the Zn powders surface included the use of organic inhibitors [6][7][8], the addition of Pb [2], the addition of indium hydroxide to plate In over the Zn metal by a displacement reaction [6], or adding In 2 O 3 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ZnO layer may also influence the hydrogen evolution properties of the Zn anode [7,9,11]. Ogai et al reported that a three fold increase in the ZnO content increased the hydrogen gassing levels by three to four times [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and morphological analyses of zinc powders for alkaline batteries

Perez

O’Keefe

et al. 2006

J Appl Electrochem

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Zinc powders containing Bi, In and either Mg or Al were analyzed to determine chemical and morphological differences. Morphology and chemistry may influence the reactivity of Zn powders in the basic environment found inside alkaline batteries. Increased reactivity leads to increased Zn corrosion, increased hydrogen gas evolution, and possibly leakage of the battery electrolyte. The surface chemistry of the powders was examined using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy to check for surface ZnO. Powder chemistry was measured using an electron probe micro analyzer equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Inert gas fusion determined the bulk oxygen content. Morphology studies included powder sieving for size determination, examining loose powders with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and determining surface areas via Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) analyses. SEM images showed differences in powder shapes and surface conditions between passed and failed powders. Powders exhibiting smooth surfaces and regular shapes were more likely to pass gas testing. However, pass/fail gas test results could not be correlated to powder chemistry, powder size, or surface area. Powder roughness and irregularity may indicate an increase in the number of active sites such as peaks and barbs versus particles with smooth surfaces.

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Untitled

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Corrosion Study of Zinc, Nickel, and Zinc-Nickel Alloys in Alkaline Solutions by Tafel Plot and Impedance Techniques

Corrosion Study of Zinc, Nickel, and Zinc-Nickel Alloys in Alkaline Solutions by Tafel Plot and Impedance Techniques

Inhibition of Hydrogen Formation with Calcium Hydroxide on Zinc Electrode of Film-type Manganese Battery

Chemical and morphological analyses of zinc powders for alkaline batteries

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