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Sutton, Mark A.; Milford, C.; Nemitz, Eiko; Theobald, Mark R.; Hill, Paul W.; Fowler, D.; Schjøerring, Jan K.; Mattßon, Marie; Nielsen, Kent Høier; Husted, Søren; Erisman, J. W.; Otjes, R.P.; Hensen, A.; Mosquera, J.; Cellier, Pierre; Loubet, Benjamin; David, M.; Génermont, Sophie; Neftel, A.; Blatter, A.; Herrmann, B.; Jones, Stephanie; Horváth, László; Führer, Ernő; Mantzanas, K.; Koukoura, Z.; Gallagher, Martin; Williams, P. I.; Flynn, Michael J.; Riedo, M.

doi:10.1023/a:1004822100016

Cited by 80 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…6): The X c (NH 3 ) scenario for the dry season calculated according to Eq. (6) lies well within the range of values determined for grassland in other studies (Hesterberg et al, 1996;Meixner et al, 1996;Spindler et al, 2001;Sutton et al, 2001) and is a strong function of surface temperature (cf. Eq.…”

Section: Resistances Nh 3 Canopy Compensation Point Transferand Depsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Lara²,

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The input of nitrogen (N) to ecosystems has increased dramatically over the past decades. While total (wet + dry) N deposition has been extensively determined in temperate regions, only very few data sets of N wet deposition exist for tropical ecosystems, and moreover, reliable experimental information about N dry deposition in tropical environments is lacking. In this study we estimate dry and wet deposition of inorganic N for a remote pasture site in the Amazon Basin based on in-situ measurements. The measurements covered the late dry (biomass burning) season, a transition period and the onset of the wet season (clean conditions) (12 September to 14 November 2002) and were a part of the LBA-SMOCC (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia -Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall, and Climate) 2002 campaign. Ammonia (NH 3 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), nitrous acid (HONO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O 3 ), aerosol ammonium (NH + 4 ) and aerosol nitrate (NO − 3 ) were measured in real-time, accompanied by simultaneous meteorological measurements. Dry deposition fluxes of NO 2 and HNO 3 are inferred using the "big leaf multiple resistance approach" and particle deposition fluxes are derived using an established empirical parameterization. Bi-directional surface-atmosphere exchange fluxes of NH 3 and HONO are estimated by applying a "canopy compensation point model". N dry and wet deposition is dominated by NH 3 and NH + 4 , which is largely the consequence of biomass burning during the dry season. TheCorrespondence to: I. Trebs (ivonne@mpch-mainz.mpg.de) grass surface appeared to have a strong potential for daytime NH 3 emission, owing to high canopy compensation points, which are related to high surface temperatures and to direct NH 3 emissions from cattle excreta. NO 2 also significantly accounted for N dry deposition, whereas HNO 3 , HONO and N-containing aerosol species were only minor contributors. Ignoring NH 3 emission from the vegetation surface, the annual net N deposition rate is estimated to be about −11 kgN ha −1 yr −1 . If on the other hand, surface-atmosphere exchange of NH 3 is considered to be bi-directional, the annual net N budget at the pasture site is estimated to range from −2.15 to −4.25 kgN ha −1 yr −1 .

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Section: Resistances Nh 3 Canopy Compensation Point Transferand Depsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Lara²,

et al. 2006

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“…This inhibition of uptake could explain the increasing levels of soil NO − 3 and NH + 4 after cutting. In Lolium perenne and Bromus erectus grown in nutrient solution, tissue NH + 4 concentrations of expanding leaves did not start to increase until 6 days after cutting (Sutton et al, 2001). In the same experiment, apoplastic NH + 4 concentrations increased in the new expanding leaves 3-6 days after cutting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Temporal variability in bioassays of the stomatal ammonia compensation point in relation to plant and soil nitrogen parameters in intensively managed grassland

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The exchange of ammonia between crop canopies and the atmosphere depends on a range of plant parameters and climatic conditions. However, little is known about effects of management factors. We have here investigated the stomatal ammonia compensation point in response to cutting and fertilization of a grass sward dominated by Lolium perenne. Tall grass had a very low NH 3 compensation point (around 1 nmol mol −1 ), reflecting the fact that leaf nitrogen (N) concentration was very low. During re-growth after cutting, leaf tissue concentrations of NO concentration of the newly emerging leaves to increase dramatically. The NH 3 compensation point peaked between 15 and 25 nmol mol −1 the day after the fertiliser was applied and thereafter decreased over the following 10 days until reaching the same level as before fertilisation. Ammonium concentrations in leaf apoplast, bulk tissue and litter were positively correlated (P=0.001) throughout the experimental period. Bulk tissue NH

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“…Distance ( Main Field is field I, and grass field II is the field where slurry was spread the 24/05/00. method (Erisman and Wyers, 1993;Fowler et al, 2001;Kruit et al, 2007;Sutton et al, 1993Sutton et al, , 2001, the Bowen ratio method (Walker et al, 2006b), the Relaxed Eddy Accumulation method (REA) (Hensen et al, 2008;Kaimal and Finnigan, 1994), as well as the eddy-covariance method using for example tunable diode lasers (Famulari et al, 2004;Whitehead et al, 2008). All these methods rely on the assumption of non-divergence of the vertical flux (e.g., Foken et al, 2006;Fowler and Duyzer, 1989;Lee et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection of NH<sub>3</sub> over a pasture field and its effect on gradient flux measurements

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Deposition of atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) to semi-natural ecosystems leads to serious adverse effects, such as acidification and eutrophication. A step in quantifying such effects is the measurement of NH 3 fluxes over seminatural and agricultural land. However, measurement of NH 3 fluxes over vegetation in the vicinity of strong NH 3 sources is challenging, since NH 3 emissions are highly heterogeneous. Indeed, under such conditions, local advection errors may alter the measured fluxes. In this study, local advection errors ( F z,adv ) were estimated over a 14 ha grassland field, which was successively cut and fertilised, as part of the GRAM-INAE integrated Braunschweig experiment. The magnitude of F z,adv was determined up to 810 m downwind from farm buildings emitting between 6.2 and 9.9 kg NH 3 day −1 . The GRAMINAE experiment provided a unique opportunity to compare two methods of estimating F z,adv : one inference method based on measurements of horizontal concentration gradients, and one based on inverse dispersion modelling with a two-dimensional model.Two sources of local advection were clearly identified: the farm NH 3 emissions leading to positive F z,adv ("bias towards emissions") and field NH 3 emissions, which led to a negative F z,adv ("bias towards deposition"). The local advection flux from the farm was in the range 0 to 27 ng NH 3 m −2 s −1 at 610 m from the farm, whereas F z,adv due to field emission was proportional to the local flux, and ranged between −209 and 13 ng NH 3 m −2 s −1 . The local advection flux F z,adv was either positive or negative dependCorrespondence to: B. Loubet (loubet@grignon.inra.fr) ing on the magnitude of these two contributions. The modelled and inferred advection errors agreed well. The inferred advection errors, relative to the vertical flux at 1 m height, were 52% on average, before the field was cut, and less than 2.1% when the field was fertilised. The variability of the advection errors in response to changes in micrometeorological conditions is also studied. The limits of the 2-D modelling approach are discussed.

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Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Temporal variability in bioassays of the stomatal ammonia compensation point in relation to plant and soil nitrogen parameters in intensively managed grassland

Advection of NH<sub>3</sub> over a pasture field and its effect on gradient flux measurements

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Untitled

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Temporal variability in bioassays of the stomatal ammonia compensation point in relation to plant and soil nitrogen parameters in intensively managed grassland

Advection of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; over a pasture field and its effect on gradient flux measurements

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Advection of NH<sub>3</sub> over a pasture field and its effect on gradient flux measurements