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Лавренов, А. В.; Urzhuntsev, G. A.; Паукштис, E. A.; Duplyakin, V. K.; Бальжинимаев, Б. С.

doi:10.1023/a:1022270422171

Cited by 2 publications

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“…It is hypothesized that the ion plays the key role in the liquid phase alkylation of isobutane with butenes. nium autoclave and a dosing system suggested by Lavrenov et al [9]. Prior to being placed in the auto clave, Al* was mechanically cleaned in argon from the products of its interaction with air and was weighed on an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.0001 g. Next, the appropriate amount of TBC was added and 40 g of isobutane was introduced under a pressure of 1 MPa.…”

Section: Liquid Phase Isobutane Alkylation With Butenes Over Aluminummentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase isobutane alkylation with butenes over aluminum chloride complexes synthesized in situ from activated aluminum and tert-butyl chloride

et al. 2012

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Isobutane alkylation with butenes is among the most important reactions in hydrocarbon processing into environmentally friendly, high octane compo nents of motor fuels. This reaction was described for the first time by V.N. Ipatieff, who used equimolar amounts of AlCl 3 and HCl as the catalyst and con ducted the reaction at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 238 K [1]. The present day industrial process employs liquid H 2 SO 4 and HF, which exert an adverse effect on the environment and on the process equipment. This prompts researchers to develop alky lation technologies using other catalytic systems, including heterogeneous catalysts [2]. The usability of ionic liquids, including those based on aluminum chloride, in this reaction was considered by Nasyrov et al. [3]. The catalytic properties of AlCl 3 are commonly associated with the formation of ionic aluminum chloride complexes possibly stabilized by carbenium ions [4,5] or with the formation of solvated molecular complexes [6]. However, there is no systematic and noncontradictory information concerning their struc ture and their effect on the hydrocarbon conversion value. Therefore, it is still essential to study this reac tion on model catalytic systems by physical methods, including in situ ones.In an earlier work [7], we reported the formation of aluminum chloride complexes from activated alumi num (Al*) and tert butyl chloride (TBC) in liquid isobutane. Decreasing the TBC : Al* ratio in this sys tem is likely favorable for the formation of polynuclear aluminum chloride complexes. Here, we report how the liquid phase alkylation of isobutane with butenes depends on the composition of the aluminum chloride complexes forming in situ in the Al*-TBC model sys tem in the hydrocarbon medium at varied molar ratios of the components. EXPERIMENTALAluminum metal (AD 1 brand, 99.3 wt % Al) was used as 10 × 5 mm plates 2 mm in thickness. The acti vator was liquid Ga-In eutectic (mp 289 K), which contains 76 wt % Ga. Aluminum was activated at ambient temperature by placing a 20 µL eutectic drop on the plate surface (contact time of 36-38 h) [8].The other chemicals were TBC (Aldrich, 99.0 wt %), isobutane (99.5 wt %), and butenes (55.7 wt %).It was demonstrated earlier [7] that the aluminum chloride complexes can be efficiently obtained in isob utane at 333-353 K and a TBC : Al* molar ratio of 0.25-4 just in a laboratory reactor consisting of a tita Abstract-The liquid phase interaction between isobutane and butenes at 303 K and 2.5-3.0 MPa has been inves tigated using activated aluminum (Al*)-tert butyl chloride (TBC) model system (TBC : Al* = 0.35-4 mol/mol). It has been demonstrated by attenuated total reflection FT-IR (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy that the cata lytically active aluminum chloride complexes forming in situ in the hydrocarbon medium vary in composi tion. Alkylation as such takes place at equimolar proportions of the reactants (TBC : Al* = 1 : 1) and butenes feed mass flow rate of 5 h -1 per gram of Al*. According to ATR-FT-IR data, the most abundant ...

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Section: Liquid Phase Isobutane Alkylation With Butenes Over Aluminummentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase isobutane alkylation with butenes over aluminum chloride complexes synthesized in situ from activated aluminum and tert-butyl chloride

et al. 2012

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“…% for oxygen. The introduction of severe new standards for the composition of gasolines led to an increase in the proportion of isomerization and alkylation processes in oil refining [2][3][4][5].…”

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Hydrorefining of catalytic naphtha cuts

Zakumbaeva

Gazizova

Danilov

et al. 2007

Chem Technol Fuels Oils

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A polyfunctional catalyst for hydrorefining of the catalytic naphtha cut with a high olefin content isproposed. This catalyst induces isomerization and hydrogenation of olefins on contact with the feedstock with formation of isoparaffins, isomerization of n-paraffins, hydrotreating to remove sulfur, and other processes. The naphtha obtained satisfies the Euro-4 standard (2005) with respect to quality.The proportion of thermal and catalytic cracking processes is steadily increasing in world oil refining. This is due to the increase in production of heavy crude and the necessity of conserving resources.A high olefin content (40-50%) that reduces the stability and performance indexes is characteristic of thermal and catalytic naphtha cuts. The quality of these cuts can be increased by catalytic hydrorefining, which reduces the olefin and sulfur content.Severe requirements are imposed on the quality of automotive gasolines in the USA, Japan, and EU countries. In Russia and CIS countries, the requirements for the composition of automotive gasolines Catalyst Indexes

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Cited by 2 publications

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Liquid-phase isobutane alkylation with butenes over aluminum chloride complexes synthesized in situ from activated aluminum and tert-butyl chloride

Liquid-phase isobutane alkylation with butenes over aluminum chloride complexes synthesized in situ from activated aluminum and tert-butyl chloride

Hydrorefining of catalytic naphtha cuts

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