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Stamps, W. Terrell; Linit, M. J.

doi:10.1023/a:1005972025089

Cited by 113 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher's least significant difference tests (LSD) to separate means (PROC GLM, SAS Institute 2001; Snedecor and Cochran 1989). Means were considered statistically different at the 0.05 probability level according to LSD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield, maturation, and forage quality of alfalfa in a black walnut alley-cropping practice

et al. 2008

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There is interest in producing alfalfa as an alley crop because alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most profitable hay crop in the USA. Field experiments were conducted near Stockton, MO in 2003 and2004. Treatments consisted of alfalfa grown in open plots and in plots that were alley cropped between 20-year-old black walnut trees (Juglans nigra L.) planted in rows 24.4-and 12.2-m apart. Alfalfa was sampled for three harvest cycles each year. In the alley-cropping plots, samples were taken beneath the canopy (2.5 m from the tree row) and in the center of the alleys. Data were taken on drymatter yield, maturity, and forage quality. At all harvest dates over both years, yields from beneath the canopy of both alleys and the narrow alley centers were less than yields from the wide alley centers and open plots. Yield from the wide alley centers was similar to that in open plots in every harvest but the final harvest of 2004. Transects across the plots indicated that yields increased linearly from the tree row to the center of both alleys. Alfalfa tended to mature faster in the open and wide alley centers compared to beneath the canopy of both alleys and the narrow alley centers. Forage quality differences were inconsistent across treatments. Alfalfa yield was significantly reduced and maturity was delayed by the narrow 12.2 m tree spacing, but yield was not reduced in the centers of the wider 24.4 m alleyways.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield, maturation, and forage quality of alfalfa in a black walnut alley-cropping practice

et al. 2008

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“…Monoculture reduces a complex natural plant system to a single-species community. This can lead to decreased insect diversity and can promote rapid population growth of a single, or very few, insect species [16]. Agroforestry induces a different proportion of various insect species, even herbivorous ones, and this is supposed to lower the occurrence of pest species.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How natural Forest Conversion Affects Insect Biodiversity in the Peruvian Amazon: Can Agroforestry Help?

Perry

Lojka

Ruiz

et al. 2016

Forests

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Abstract:The Amazonian rainforest is a unique ecosystem that comprises habitat for thousands of animal species. Over the last decades, the ever-increasing human population has caused forest conversion to agricultural land with concomitant high biodiversity losses, mainly near a number of fast-growing cities in the Peruvian Amazon. In this research, we evaluated insect species richness and diversity in five ecosystems: natural forests, multistrata agroforests, cocoa agroforests, annual cropping monoculture and degraded grasslands. We determined the relationship between land use intensity and insect diversity changes. Collected insects were taxonomically determined to morphospecies and data evaluated using standardized biodiversity indices. The highest species richness and abundance were found in natural forests, followed by agroforestry systems. Conversely, monocultures and degraded grasslands were found to be biodiversity-poor ecosystems. Diversity indices were relatively high for all ecosystems assessed with decreasing values along the disturbance gradient. An increase in land use disturbance causes not only insect diversity decreases but also complete changes in species composition. As agroforests, especially those with cocoa, currently cover many hectares of tropical land and show a species composition similar to natural forest sites, we can consider them as biodiversity reservoirs for some of the rainforest insect species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, systems that are more diverse, permanent, isolated and managed with low intensity are associated with high arthropod community diversity (Akbulut et al 2003). Increasing plant diversity has been suggested as a means of increasing insect diversity (Symstad et al 2000) and thus lowering insect herbivore damage through decreased host plant density, increased interspecific competition among pest and non-pest species and improved natural enemy communities (Stamps & Linit 1998).Arthropod species richness generally increases with stand age , Bolger et al 2000, and richness and density of herbivorous insects are influenced by forest age (Jeffries et al 2006). However, there is limited knowledge about arthropod diversity during the conversion of coppices to high oak forests and the early stages of succession of coppice oak forests in Turkey.…”

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Arthropod diversity in pure oak forests of coppice origin in northern Thrace (Turkey)

Keten¹,

Beşkardeş²,

Kumbaşlı³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionTurkey is one of the world's richest countries in terms of the variety of oak species and their extent. Oak forests cover vast areas in Northern Thrace (European Part of Turkey): 656 004 ha, or 27.7% of the entire land area, of which oak forests make up 71.7% of forest lands (Makineci et al. 2011). In the past, most oak forests were managed as coppice via clear cuttings on 20-year rotations. However, the intensive use of the forest led to its long-term degradation. Therefore, Turkish General Directorate of Forestry abandoned such practice in the last decade, and now promotes conversion to high forest and natural regeneration from seeds.Arthropods are often used as ecological indicators of ecosystem integrity (King et al. 1998, Tscharntke et al. 1998, Rainio & Niemelä 2003, Langor & Spence 2006, Maleque et al. 2009). They play essential roles in ecosystems such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and they serve as predators of pests and prey for valued vertebrates (Engelmann 1961, van Straalen 1998. Arthropods also have short generation times and respond quickly to ecological changes (Work et al. 2002). Habitat structure influences arthropod diversity and abundance (Spitzer et al. 2008). In general, systems that are more diverse, permanent, isolated and managed with low intensity are associated with high arthropod community diversity (Akbulut et al. 2003). Increasing plant diversity has been suggested as a means of increasing insect diversity (Symstad et al. 2000) and thus lowering insect herbivore damage through decreased host plant density, increased interspecific competition among pest and non-pest species and improved natural enemy communities (Stamps & Linit 1998).Arthropod species richness generally increases with stand age , Bolger et al. 2000, and richness and density of herbivorous insects are influenced by forest age (Jeffries et al. 2006). However, there is limited knowledge about arthropod diversity during the conversion of coppices to high oak forests and the early stages of succession of coppice oak forests in Turkey. In the present study, we hypothesized that arthropod richness, abundance and diversity at coppice oak sites increased with stand age. The objectives of our study were to: (1) identify differences in forest characteristics among forest stand types; (2) characterize differences in arthropod richness, diversity, and abundance among forest stand types, and (3) relate invertebrate taxa to method of capture and to forest stand characteristics. Materials and methods Study sitesThis study was carried out in pure oak stands growing at five different sites (Catalca, Demirkoy, Igneada, Kirklareli and Vize) in the Northern Thrace, Turkey (Fig. 1). Sites were coppice-originated forests, but currently are being converted to high forest. Climate (precipitation, temperature and wa-© SISEF http://www.sisef.it/iforest/ 615 iForest 8: 615-623

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Untitled

Cited by 113 publications

References 68 publications

Yield, maturation, and forage quality of alfalfa in a black walnut alley-cropping practice

Yield, maturation, and forage quality of alfalfa in a black walnut alley-cropping practice

How natural Forest Conversion Affects Insect Biodiversity in the Peruvian Amazon: Can Agroforestry Help?

Arthropod diversity in pure oak forests of coppice origin in northern Thrace (Turkey)

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