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Determination of carnitine, its short chain acyl esters and metabolic precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine by quasi-solid phase extraction and MS/MS detection

“…The modified direct coupling of the solid phase extraction proposed for the sample preparation [13,14] to a tandem mass spectrometer is suitable for the analysis of carnitine, its short chain esters, and its metabolic precursors trimethyllysine and ␥-butyrobetaine in a labour and chemical saving manner. No concentrating steps and chemical derivatization reactions are required.…”

“…Therefore, it seemed usefully to develop a method which is able to determine concentrations of free carnitine, its esters and precursors which does not need chemical derivatizations and ion pair reagents. Starting from the trial to couple the solid phase extraction on silica gel as proposed by van Kempen and Odle [13] and Janssens et al [14] and MS experiments, we developed a simple and sensitive method for the measurement of carnitine, short chain acyl carnitines as well as the precursors in the biosynthesis of carnitine trimethyllysine and ␥-butyrobetaine by electrospray MS/MS. As examples for its applicability, we present data about concentrations of these compounds in human plasma and pig tissues, and activities of ␥-butyrobetaine dioxygenase in various tissues of pigs.…”

A rapid fluorescence detecting platform: applicable to sense carnitine and chloramphenicol in food samples

“…CrAT is also involved in detoxication of a certain pool of metabolized branched-chain fatty acyl esters generated by amino acid catabolism. 22 Analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV or uorescence detection, 23,24 capillary electrophoresis, 25,26 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 27 and ow injection analysis 28 were developed for the determination of carnitine and mostly these are associated with pre-derivatization steps. Similarly, several analytical methods such as HPLC, 29 GC-MS, 30 liquid chromatographyelectrospray negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry, 31 and colorimetric methods have been reported for the determination of carnitine.…”