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Castro, José Marı́a Bermúdez de; Carbonell, Eudald; Gómez, Aixa San Emeterio; Mateos, Ana; Martinón‐Torres, María; Muela, Ana; Rodrı́guez, Jesús; Sarmiento, Susana; Varela, Sara

doi:10.3989/egeol.0662114

“…The dental and endocranial volume evidence are consistent with this conclusion 12 . The hibernation hypothesis for the SH hominins is also consistent with the juvenile-dominated bear and hominin mortality in the Mokrica cave, Slovenia 78 and SH 79 respectively (see also Introduction); 64% of humans in SH are between 11-20 years, an abnormal adolescent mortality that reminds famine 80 . Hence, the non-tolerated hibernation has caused vitamin D deficiency, renal rickets, and 2HPT in ROD associated with CKD-MBD and has induced growth arrest and formation of ROPs and gaps in the adolescents of SH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Hibernation, puberty and chronic kidney disease in troglodytes from Spain half a million years ago

Bartsiokas

¹

,

Arsuaga

²

2018

Preprint

0

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Both animal hibernation (heterothermy) and human renal osteodystrophy are characterized by high levels of serum parathyroid hormone. To test the hypothesis of hibernation in an extinct human species, we examined the hominin skeletal collection from Sima de los Huesos, Cave Mayor, Atapuerca, Spain, for evidence of hyperparathyroidism. We studied the morphology of the fossilized bones by using macrophotography, microscopy, histology and CT scanning. We found trabecular tunneling and osteitis fibrosa, subperiosteal resorption,‘rotten fence post’ signs,brown tumours, subperiosteal new bone, chondrocalcinosis, rachitic osteoplaques and empty gaps between them, craniotabes, and beading in ribs mostly in the adolescent population of these hominins. Since many of the above lesions are pathognomonic, these extinct hominins suffered annually from renal rickets, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and renal osteodystrophy associated with Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). We suggest these diseases were caused by non-tolerated hibernation in dark cavernous hibernacula. This is evidenced by the rachitic osteoplaques and the gaps between them mainly in the adolescent individuals along with the evidence of healing mainly in the adults. The sublayers in the rachitic osteoplaques point to bouts of arousal from hibernation. The strong projection of the external lip of the femoral trochlea, the rachitic osteoplaques with the empty gaps between them,the “rotten fence post sign”, and the evidence of annual healing caused by non-tolerated hibernation in adolescent individuals, also point to the presence of annually intermittent puberty in this population. The hypothesis of hibernation is consistent with the genetic evidence and the fact that the SH hominins lived during a glacial period. The present work will provide a new insight into the physiological mechanism of early human metabolism which could help in determining the life histories and physiologies of extinct human species.

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“…The dental and endocranial volume evidence are consistent with this conclusion 12 . The hibernation hypothesis for the SH hominins is also consistent with the juvenile-dominated bear and hominin mortality in the Mokrica cave, Slovenia 78 and SH 79 respectively (see also Introduction); 64% of humans in SH are between 11-20 years, an abnormal adolescent mortality that reminds famine 80 . Hence, the non-tolerated hibernation has caused vitamin D deficiency, renal rickets, and 2HPT in ROD associated with CKD-MBD and has induced growth arrest and formation of ROPs and gaps in the adolescents of SH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Hibernation, puberty and chronic kidney disease in troglodytes from Spain half a million years ago

Bartsiokas

¹

,

Arsuaga

²

2018

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both animal hibernation (heterothermy) and human renal osteodystrophy are characterized by high levels of serum parathyroid hormone. To test the hypothesis of hibernation in an extinct human species, we examined the hominin skeletal collection from Sima de los Huesos, Cave Mayor, Atapuerca, Spain, for evidence of hyperparathyroidism. We studied the morphology of the fossilized bones by using macrophotography, microscopy, histology and CT scanning. We found trabecular tunneling and osteitis fibrosa, subperiosteal resorption,‘rotten fence post’ signs,brown tumours, subperiosteal new bone, chondrocalcinosis, rachitic osteoplaques and empty gaps between them, craniotabes, and beading in ribs mostly in the adolescent population of these hominins. Since many of the above lesions are pathognomonic, these extinct hominins suffered annually from renal rickets, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and renal osteodystrophy associated with Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). We suggest these diseases were caused by non-tolerated hibernation in dark cavernous hibernacula. This is evidenced by the rachitic osteoplaques and the gaps between them mainly in the adolescent individuals along with the evidence of healing mainly in the adults. The sublayers in the rachitic osteoplaques point to bouts of arousal from hibernation. The strong projection of the external lip of the femoral trochlea, the rachitic osteoplaques with the empty gaps between them,the “rotten fence post sign”, and the evidence of annual healing caused by non-tolerated hibernation in adolescent individuals, also point to the presence of annually intermittent puberty in this population. The hypothesis of hibernation is consistent with the genetic evidence and the fact that the SH hominins lived during a glacial period. The present work will provide a new insight into the physiological mechanism of early human metabolism which could help in determining the life histories and physiologies of extinct human species.

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“…In Table 1 we present the mineralization stages of these teeth according to the classification of Moorrees et al (1963). ATD6-69 is considered to represent Individual 3 of the TD6 hominin assemblage (Bermúdez de Castro et al, 2006). According to modern human standards (see Table 1), the dental age of Individual 3 from TD6 has been estimated to be between 10 and 11 years (Bermúdez de Castro et al, 1999b).…”

Section: The Td6 Lithostratigraphic Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the upper sequence of the TD6 LU the so-called 'Aurora Archaeostratigraphic Set' was recognized , formed by six sublevels, two of which yielded new human fossil remains and artefacts. The current hominin assemblage includes about 160 human fossil remains belonging to at least 11 individuals (Carbonell et al, 2005;Bermúdez de Castro et al, 2006.…”

Section: The Td6 Lithostratigraphic Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary interpretation of the modern human-like facial morphology of the Atapuerca Gran Dolina-TD6 hominins

Castro

¹

,

Martinón‐Torres

²

2014

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The Early Pleistocene human fossil remains recovered from the TD6 lithostratigraphic unit of the Gran Dolina cave site in the Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain, show a mosaic of primitive and derived features. Among the latter, the modern human-like midfacial topography, as well as several synapomorphies shared with some European Middle Pleistocene hominin and Neanderthals, represents a challenge for the phylogenetic interpretation of Homo antecessor. Using an ontogenetic approach of the maxilla ATD6-69, Freidline et al. (Journal of Human Evolution, 65: 404-423 (2013)) have confirmed previous observations that H. antecessor adults had a set of facial features characterizing H. sapiens. However, Freidline and collaborators proposed that the evolution of modern-looking facial morphology occurred independently in Africa, Asia, and Europe and at several times during the Early and the Middle Pleistocene. Following their line of reasoning, the presence in H. antecessor of some features shared with the European Middle Pleistocene hominins and the Neanderthal lineage could also be interpreted as convergences. However, instead of supposing multiple, parallel evolution, we suggest that a more parsimonious interpretation envisages the hypothetical existence of an Early Pleistocene hominin population, from which several hominin lineages originate and inherit particular combinations of derived features. The TD6 hominins probably represent a side branch of this cladogenetic event, which evolved in Western Europe.

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Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Hibernation, puberty and chronic kidney disease in troglodytes from Spain half a million years ago

Hibernation, puberty and chronic kidney disease in troglodytes from Spain half a million years ago

Hibernation, puberty and chronic kidney disease in troglodytes from Spain half a million years ago

Evolutionary interpretation of the modern human-like facial morphology of the Atapuerca Gran Dolina-TD6 hominins

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