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“…The affected endothelium is a focus of platelet activation, which leads to the formation of blood clots and reactive oxygen species [4][5][6]. Adhesion molecules, together with chemokines, are activated by the damaged endothelium to attract leukocytes, which ensures the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses, including loss of tolerance to autoantigens, for instance, topoisomerase I [7,8]. Antibodies against topoisomerase I form immune complexes, are absorbed through Fc-receptors and activate endosomal Toll-like receptors in immune cells, which leads to the production of type I interferon.…”

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“…As for the applied fields, it is involved in the composition of biological molecules, such as the nitrogenous bases that make up the nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and the composition of pigments such as chlorophyll optical pigment and hemoglobin [19]. Heterocyclic compounds [20,21] are also included in the synthesis of some types of vitamins such as vitamin B6 and vitamin C, where these rings contain nitrogen, which helps in their participation in the metabolism of amino acids. The thiadiazole derivative is of great importance in medical fields.…”