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Abstract

Conjugated fatty acid, the general term of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated double bonds, has attracted considerable attention because of its potentially beneficial biological effects. In the present study, dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil rich in punicic acid (9cis, 11trans, 13cis-conjugated linolenic acid; 9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA) on lipid metabolism was investigated in obese, hyperlipidemic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. After 2 weeks feeding period, OLETF rats revealed obesity and hyperlipidemia compared with their progenitor LETO rats. Feeding of the diet supplemented with 9% safflower oil and 1% pomegranate seed oil (9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA diet) did not affect abdominal white adipose tissue weights and serum lipid levels compared with the diet supplemented with 10% safflower oil (control diet) in OLETF rats. However, the accumulated hepatic triacylglycerol was markedly decreased by 9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA diet in OLETF rats. Activities of hepatic enzymes related to fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid β-oxidation were not altered by 9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA diet. Levels of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), major storage form of fatty acid, in serum triacylglycerol were markedly higher in obese, hyperlipidemic OLETF rats than in lean LETO rats. In addition, 9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA diet significantly decreased MUFA levels in OLETF rats. This is the first study showing that 9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA suppresses delta-9 desaturation in vivo, and we suggest that the alleviation of hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation by 9c, 11t, 13c-CLNA diet was, at least in part, attributable to the suppression of delta-9 desaturation in OLETF rats.

Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk from Chickens Fed a Diet including Marigold (Tagetes erectaL.)

“…In conclusion, certain fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated trienoic acids were shown to inhibit SCD [16, 17]. As known, marigold contains naturally occurring conjugated triene fatty acid, calendic acid, to be believed to inhibit the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase.…”

Punicic Acid a Conjugated Linolenic Acid Inhibits TNFα-Induced Neutrophil Hyperactivation and Protects from Experimental Colon Inflammation in Rats

“…In vivo studies indicated that given to rats in the triglyceride form, punicic acid was well absorbed, metabolized and stored in rat tissues [39], [46], [63], [64]. Pomegranate seed oil provided protection against TNBS-induced ulcerations and tissue damage.…”

Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate on Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Disorders

“…Furthermore, pomegranate flower extracts seem to effectively improve diabetes and were reported to decrease blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, and increase HDL‐C in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats . However, although pomegranate seed extract caused no obvious improvement in dyslipidemia in T2DM, administration of 1% pomegranate seed oil, which is rich in 9‐cis, 11‐trans, 13‐cis conjugated linolenic acid, decreased the accumulated hepatic triacylglycerol in Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, and administration of 2 mL kg −1 day −1 pomegranate seed oil significantly improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic animals . This effect is probably due to the large differences in many aspects, such as physiological structure and metabolism between animals and humans, but it also lays a foundation for future clinical research involving pomegranate.…”