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Styring, Peter; Grindon, Christina; Fisher, Colleen

doi:10.1023/a:1013209202418

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…High-area carbon was used to prepare bimetallic Pt-RuNPs that catalyse methanol electrooxidation with enhanced activities compared with commercial catalysts. [203] Ni NPs on carbon were used as catalysts for hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, [204] hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides, [205] Kumada, [206] Suzuki [207] and Negishi-type C-C coupling [208] and aromatic amination. [209] However, the C-C and C-N coupling reactions showed that Ni leached from the support during the reaction, re-adsorbing at the end of the reaction.…”

Section: Nps Supported On Metal Oxides or Carbon Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition‐metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue

Pachón

Rothenberg

2008

Applied Organom Chemis

415

202

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This perspective examines the state-of-the-art of catalysis by metal nanoparticles. We outline various methods for preparing metal nanoparticle suspensions, and highlight the role of the stabilizers and the stabilizing principles. Subsequently, we examine some catalytic applications of homometallic and bimetallic nanoparticle suspensions in a variety of reactions. The cases are divided according to the stabilizing agent: polymers, dendrimers, ionic liquids, surfactants, micelles and micoremulsions, ligands and solid supports. We explain the importance of atom/ion leaching (all too frequent in nanoparticle catalysis, especially for the catalytically active group VIII metals) and consider ways of minimizing it. The future perspectives of nanoparticles as catalysts are discussed.

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Section: Nps Supported On Metal Oxides or Carbon Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition‐metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue

Pachón

Rothenberg

2008

Applied Organom Chemis

415

202

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“…In further studies [6–8], a similar nickel resin catalyst [6] and a silica supported nickel catalyst were used [7–8]. The Kumada reaction was carried out in a glass mini flow reactor (Omnifit) and good yields were achieved in a matter of minutes, compared to the conversion obtained in batch over a period of 24 h, albeit on a much smaller scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we have described a series of catalysts based on nickel(II) and palladium(II) that have functionalised salen-acac (salenac) ligands that were functionalised such that they could be covalently bound to organic or inorganic polymer supports [6–10]. Such materials show the beneficial properties of homogeneous catalysts (activity and selectivity) as well as those of a heterogeneous catalyst (robust and re-usable).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From discovery to production: Scale-out of continuous flow meso reactors

Styring¹,

Parracho²

2009

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryA continuous flow parallel reactor system has been developed to provide a rapid and seamless transition from the discovery phase and production phase of chemical synthesis, particularly in low volume-high value pharmaceuticals production. Using a single fixed bed catalytic meso reactor, reactions can be screened on a small discovery scale over short time scales. The intensified process produces sufficient material for a full analysis. By replication of the single reactor in parallel, the same chemistry can be achieved on a larger scale, on a small footprint and without the mass and heat transport limitations of reactor scale-out in batch.

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“…In another method a nickel chelate complex bound to Merrifield-resin was used as catalyst. The disadvantage of this method was that a great excess (3 moles) of Grignard compound was necessary to obtain good yield [12]. Very recently Richardson examined the coupling of phenylmagnesium chloride and 4-bromoanisole using nickel(II) acetylacetonato complex supported on either polymer-bound ethylenediamine or on modified mesoporous silica.…”

Section: The Kumada-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Metal Catalysts in Organic Syntheses

Kiss

Nemeth

Fodor

et al. 2015

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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The importance of heterogeneous catalytic methods in organic syntheses is growing dynamically. Among the methods developed the supported metal catalysts take up an outstanding role. In this paper the results of the research group obtained in this field are reviewed. Keywords heterogeneous catalysis, supported metal catalysts, organic syntheses IntroductionMost organic syntheses require a catalyst for good conversion. With the exception of heterogeneous oxidation and reduction, these catalysts are mostly acids or bases. The traditional acids and bases have several disadvantageous properties, they are often dangerous, flammable, corrosive, or toxic, the workup of the reaction mixture is often tedious, producing high amounts of waste water, and the catalyst often decomposes during the workup procedure. These compounds or even their preparation is often harmful for the environment. Therefore in recent decades the development of heterogeneous catalytic methods became one of the main synthetic goals. The heterogeneous catalysts can eliminate the problems arising from the use of a homogeneous catalyst; they can be filtered out from the reaction mixture, simplifying this way the workup procedure, reducing the energy costs and decreasing the operation time as well as the amount of waste water. They are generally non-corrosive, non-toxic and often reusable or simply recyclable materials, and in some cases they can induce a considerable regio-even stereoselectivity. There were several minerals found in nature which showed excellent catalytic avtivity in organic syntheses. Based on these materials numerous mineralbased heterogeneous catalysts were developed in recent years not only for laboratory but also for industrial use. Thus, e.g. in a review published in 1999 about the heterogeneous catalytic industrial processes, 71 methods were presented which used natural, modified or artificial zeolites [1].These materials can also serve as supports of different metals. The acidic or basic properties of the support, their great surface as well as the fine dispersity of the metal on the support's surface can significantly increase the efficiency of these catalysts. Furthermore, the ligands which are often required for a homogeneous catalytic process, can be omitted in the heterogeneous methods, which can increase the atom efficiency of the process and make the workup of the reaction mixture easier.

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Untitled

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Transition‐metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue

Transition‐metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue

From discovery to production: Scale-out of continuous flow meso reactors

Supported Metal Catalysts in Organic Syntheses

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