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Dame, Richard F.; Bushek, David; Allen, Dennis M.; Lewitus, Alan J.; Edwards, Don; Koepfler, Eric T.; Gregory, Leah

doi:10.1023/a:1013354807515

Cited by 53 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Invertebrates display effective innate immunity for defense against microbial infection. , Potentially pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotic parasites are identified by a battery of soluble and cell-associated recognition factors, several of which have been structurally and functionally conserved along the lineages leading to vertebrates. , Among them, a diversified lectin repertoire mediates the binding interactions with potential pathogens, resulting in agglutination, immobilization, and opsonization, leading to phagocytosis or encapsulation. , However, a variety of microbial pathogens and parasites overcome the immune mechanisms of the host and establish successful infections that may lead to chronic or acute disease. − Among these, the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus causes Dermo disease in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and is responsible for catastrophic losses in both native and farmed oyster populations, with a significant impact on the integrity of the estuarine environment. − Another Perkinsus species, Perkinsus chesapeaki (=Perkinsus andrewsi), which is sympatric with P. marinus along most of its distribution range, preferentially infects clams. − Although P.…”

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confidence: 99%

Galectin CvGal2 from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Displays Unique Specificity for ABH Blood Group Oligosaccharides and Differentially Recognizes Sympatric Perkinsus Species

et al. 2015

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Galectins are highly conserved lectins that are key to multiple biological functions, including pathogen recognition and regulation of immune responses. We previously reported that CvGal1, a galectin expressed in phagocytic cells (hemocytes) of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), is “hijacked” by the parasite Perkinsus marinus to enter the host, where it causes systemic infection and death. A screening of an oyster hemocyte cDNA library revealed a novel galectin, which we designated CvGal2, with four tandemly arrayed carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). A phylogentic analysis of the CvGal2 CRDs suggests close relationships with homologous CRDs from CvGal1. A glycan array analysis, however, revealed that unlike CvGal1 that preferentially binds to the blood group A tetrasaccharide, CvGal2 recognizes both blood group A and B tetrasaccharides and related structures, suggesting that CvGal2 has broader binding specificity. Further, SPR analysis demonstrated significant differences in the binding kinetics of CvGal1 and CvGal2, and structural modeling revealed substantial differences in their interactions with the oligosaccharide ligands. CvGal2 is homogeneously distributed in the hemocyte cytoplasm, is released to the extracellular space, and binds to the hemocyte surface. CvGal2 binds to P. marinus trophozoites in a dose-dependent and β-galactoside-specific manner. Strikingly, negligible binding of CvGal2 was observed for P. chesapeaki, a sympatric parasite species mostly prevalent in the clams Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica. The differential recognition of Perkinsus species by the oyster galectins is consistent with their relative prevalence in oyster and clam species, and supports their role in facilitating parasite entry and infectivity in a host-preferential manner.

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confidence: 99%

Galectin CvGal2 from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Displays Unique Specificity for ABH Blood Group Oligosaccharides and Differentially Recognizes Sympatric Perkinsus Species

et al. 2015

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“…Oysters have been identified as sources of nutrients in the estuary, but they were not present in the natural pool, and oysters exposed elsewhere in the creek during the low tide were inactive. Oysters likely played a role in nutrient dynamics in the creek at other stages of the tide; however, a previous study in the same intertidal creek showed that nutrient contributions from oysters were small compared with those of nekton (Dame et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…An acoustic Doppler profiler instrument (SonTek Argonaut Model SW, SonTek/Yellow Springs Instruments) inside the mouth of the creek was used to measure water level at 5 min intervals. The level coinciding with the hourly interval was matched to a hypsometric curve developed for Links Creek through an extensive survey process (Creek 1, Dame et al 2002). Differences in volumes of water between hours were multiplied by the concentrations of nutrients during those periods, and the sum yielded an estimate of the total moles exported during the ebbing tide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient subsidies from nekton in salt marsh intertidal creeks

Allen

Luthy

Garwood

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

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Motile organisms are thought to play a role in biogeochemical cycles in tidal systems, but few studies have addressed links between animal activities and dissolved nutrients. Our observations and experiments indicated that movements, feeding, and excretion by fishes and shrimps resulted in subsidies of NH in the natural intertidal pool. Nekton residing in intertidal pools generated the equivalent of 5% of the total NH z 4 imported to the creek. At night, nekton in pools contributed the equivalent of 12% of the NH z 4 and 4% of the PO 3{ 4 imported from the subtidal channel. As the tide flooded the intertidal creek, nutrient enriched pool water was pulsed up the creek and into the intertidal basin. Tidally controlled patterns of nekton movements and feeding result in retention and reintroduction of nutrients to the upper reaches of intertidal creek basins. Accordingly, nekton contribute to the recycling of nutrients through a positive feedback loop that may enhance primary production and invertebrate prey within salt marsh creek basins. We conclude that nekton can be important and underappreciated contributors of dissolved nutrients in tidal systems.

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“…Field tests of oyster reefs in lower Hewletts Creek found that such reefs significantly reduced chlorophyll a concentrations in water passing over them, with reductions in the range of 10-25% (Cressman et al 2003). The oyster reefs in this study were located at the lower end of the reach, and consumed phytoplankton produced in the creek on ebbing tide as well as phytoplankton entering the reach on the rising tide (Dame et al 1984;Cressman et al 2003). Given the downstream location of the reefs, it is likely that the source of unlabeled phytoplankton nutrition to the oysters was imported unlabeled cells filtered out during the flooding tide.…”

Section: Nitrate Support Of Biological Productionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ecosystem scale nitrification and watershed support of tidal creek productivity revealed using whole system isotope tracer labeling

Duernberger

Tobias

Mallin

2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Tidal creeks are common coastal features of low‐slope continental margins that connect nitrogen (N)‐replete watersheds to N‐limited coastal oceans. We conducted a 3‐week whole tidal creek 15 NO3− tracer labeling experiment to quantify creek‐scale NO3− inputs and transformations and to evaluate ecosystem dependence on watershed NO3− delivery. Isotopic 15N enrichments of creek NO3− were hundreds to thousands of per mil depending on tidal stage and watershed discharge. We detected tracer movement into microalgae, macrophytes, zooplankton, epifauna, water column ammonium, and bulk sediments throughout the tidal prism. Tracer enrichment of dissolved N2 was detected along the study reach and permitted estimation of denitrification at the whole‐system scale. All data were used to build a NO3− isotope budget to quantify whole system nitrification and to calibrate a first order biota tracer model that yielded species‐specific turnover times and estimates of how much N demand was ultimately derived from the labeled creek 15 NO3−. Combining results from the NO3− isotope budget and the biota tracer model supported the following conclusions: (1) Under base flow conditions, the watershed flux of NO3− was small compared to the amount of NO3− produced within the creek via nitrification; (2) Approximately half of all NO3− inputs to the creek were attenuated within the creek principally by biological assimilation prior to downstream transport; (3) Biological uptake reduced watershed derived NO3− loads by ∼ 50%, but the majority of their N requirement was generated within the creek.

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Untitled

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Galectin CvGal2 from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Displays Unique Specificity for ABH Blood Group Oligosaccharides and Differentially Recognizes Sympatric Perkinsus Species

Galectin CvGal2 from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Displays Unique Specificity for ABH Blood Group Oligosaccharides and Differentially Recognizes Sympatric Perkinsus Species

Nutrient subsidies from nekton in salt marsh intertidal creeks

Ecosystem scale nitrification and watershed support of tidal creek productivity revealed using whole system isotope tracer labeling

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