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Stein, Adelheit; Gulla, Jon Atle; Thiel, Ulrich

doi:10.1023/a:1008303312758

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, he writes that the Library Cave door was walled up as a "precaution" to guard against the curiosity of pilgrims who "had recently flocked to the site in their thousands." 10 In the below, Stein specifically relates that the Suzhou daotai (ie. Yan Dong) reported the discovery to their superior, the "Viceroy of Gansu," who in turn ordered some Library Cave scrolls be taken to his Viceregal Yamen at Lanzhou.…”

Section: The Early Circulation Of Library Cave Manuscriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One of the First to Emerge from the Library Cave: The Seattle Art Museum Sutra Fragment

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2024

Silk Roads Archaeology and Heritage

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The biography of a Tang-dynasty Buddhist sutra manuscript fragment in the Seattle Art Museum collection is unique because its provenance can be reliably traced from the discovery of the Library Cave at Mogao in June 1900 to the fragment's arrival in Hawaii around 1938. For decades, the fragment was mounted together with an Englishlanguage gift letter dated 1932. The fortuitous retrieval of the author's identity-a twenty-year old student at Tsinghua University-leads us to their grandfather, provincial governor of Xinjiang and Gansu province, Rao Yingqi 饒應祺, who owned the scroll until his death in January 1903. The fragment's ownership history is thus conclusively established between 1900 and 1903, before the arrival of Marc Aurel Stein at Mogao in 1907.Governor Rao Yingqi probably obtained his scroll from one of three people who gained early access to the Library Cave's contents: Governor-General Wei Guangdao 魏光燾; the Manchu prince Aisin Gioro Zailan 愛新覺羅 • 載瀾; and Belgian tax collector Paul Splingaerd 林輔臣, a long-term Gansu resident who appears the most likely source. This foreigner is known from Dunhuang oral history recorded by artist Xie Zhiliu 謝稚柳 in the 1940s, where Splingaerd was rumored to have received Library Cave scrolls from Manchu circuit intendant Yan Dong 延棟, which he then regifted to officials in Xinjiang. Xie Zhiliu's description is substantiated by Splingaerd's letters and that of Scheut missionaries in Gansu and Mongolia kept in the CICM archives. The European correspondence indeed places Splingaerd guiding an expedition in Northern Gansu in June 1900, coinciding with the Library Cave's discovery, before reaching Xinjiang in July on the eve of the Boxer Uprising. This study of the SAM sutra fragment illuminates the Library Cave's early dispersal period by recovering the heretofore unknown connection between Splingaerd and Governor Rao Yingqi.

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Section: The Early Circulation Of Library Cave Manuscriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One of the First to Emerge from the Library Cave: The Seattle Art Museum Sutra Fragment

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2024

Silk Roads Archaeology and Heritage

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“…It usually consists of a sequence of mappings between a sentence and a dialogue act according to a generic dialogue model called COR [4]. In this way the conversational function of sentences can be defined and accessed for expansion purposes.…”

Section: Figure 1 Query Expansion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helping conversational agents to find informative responses

L'Abbate

Thiel

2002

Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems Part 2 - AAMAS '02

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Chatterbots are conversational agents engaging a natural language-based interaction with web site users. In e-commerce, however, simple "chatting" which is mainly entertaining the user is not sufficient. Instead, the agent needs to be cooperative by trying to provide relevant information about products and/or the conditions of purchasing, usually retrieved from product databases and manuals. In this paper we explore ways to extract information out of the on-going dialogue for the automatic generation of queries to application data sources. By evaluating the result set we identify and eventually apply so called "query expansion" mechanisms for improving the quality of the results.

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Task‐based information searching

Vakkari

2003

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

293

232

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IntroductionThe rationale for using information systems is to find information that helps us in our daily activities, be they tasks or interests. Systems are expected to support us in searching for and identifying useful information. Although the activities and tasks performed by humans generate information needs and searching, they have attracted little attention in studies of information searching. Such studies have concentrated on search tasks rather than the activities that trigger them. It is obvious that our understanding of information searching is only partial, if we are not able to connect aspects of searching to the related task. The expected contribution of information to the task is reflected in relevance assessments of the information items found, and in the search tactics and use of the system in general. Taking the task into account seems to be a necessary condition for understanding and explaining information searching, and, by extension, for effective systems design. Scope and ApproachIn this chapter, I shall review studies on the relationship between task performance and information searching by end-users. I focus mainly on 41 3 414 Annual Review of information Science and Technology information searching in electronic environments, especially in information retrieval (IR) systems. The process of information searching is cyclical, but it can be broken down into the following components:The kind of information that is needed and searched forThe query formulation process, including the choice of search terms and operators Search tacticsThe use of search support tools Relevance and utility judgments regarding the information found Several approaches to characterizing tasks in the literature are in use. In the studies I have found on information searching, tasks have been either characterized as a process consisting of several stages, or this aspect has been left open. In the latter case, the task has been treated as a given and left without characterization; only its context being described. A typical example is observing university students searching for information for study purposes without explicating those purposes. In these studies, the point of departure is searching, not the work task that produces it.Only a limited number of studies relate tasks to searching. Because of this, I take into account studies based on natural search goals, insofar as they further our understanding of task-based searching. I also review a few studies based on assigned search goals. In general, the models and findings are scattered and difficult to integrate into the framework of task-based searching.Ideally, a study should connect the task with the search process in order to analyze their interaction (Belkin, 1990). This sort of study typically requires a longitudinal research design. Due to the rarity of such process analyses, studies that analyze the relation between tasks and searching synchronously are also included. I focus principally on the literature published after 1990 simply because the number of empir...

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Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

One of the First to Emerge from the Library Cave: The Seattle Art Museum Sutra Fragment

One of the First to Emerge from the Library Cave: The Seattle Art Museum Sutra Fragment

Helping conversational agents to find informative responses

Task‐based information searching

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