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Abstract

A survey of sheep and goat producers in the state of Maharashtra, India, was undertaken to ascertain the extent and economic impact of sheep pox and goat pox (SGP). One thousand one hundred and sixteen owners were interviewed. Eighty owners (7.2%) reported that they had experienced an outbreak of the disease in the previous 6 years. The results showed that, while producers ranked SGP below other infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest and enterotoxaemia, when SGP occurred it had a major impact, with average morbidity and mortality rates of 63.5% and 49.5%, respectively. Modelling studies suggested it would take about 6 years for a flock or herd to recover from an outbreak, with average annual losses in income of 30-43%, depending on flock type and the owner's actions. Statewide, it is estimated that around 5000 flocks and herds are affected by SGP annually in Maharashtra, costing up to INR 107.5 million. The highest losses occurred in the Aurangabad region.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Economic Impact of Lumpy Skin Disease, Sheeppox and Goatpox Among Subsistence Farmers in Northeast Nigeria

“…Seven out of every 10 farmers reported they had not replaced animals that died, were sold or slaughtered as a consequence of the outbreak. Price reduction on affected cattle has been reported in India and Ethiopia (1,2). In comparison to the current study, a similar price reduction was reported in India (farmers reported losing around 50% of the market value when selling affected cattle), while in Ethiopia the reported loss was due to a reduction in beef production.…”

“…This study quantifies the direct production losses and additional costs that subsistence farmers incur as a consequence of the three CPPV diseases in Nigeria, and identifies coping strategies that might be playing a role in virus transmission. This work builds on previous studies investigating the impact of CPPV disease on livestock in different settings (1,2,9,26). The results from this study suggest that LSD, SP, and GP have an immediate as well as potentially long lasting impacts on subsistence farmers' livelihoods with important differences between production systems.…”

“…The three CPPVs cause highly characteristic clinical signs of cutaneous, multifocal to coalescing papules, pustules and nodules of between 0.5 and 3 cm in diameter (Figure 1). In addition, affected animals exhibit weight loss, reduced milk production, depression, lethargy and fever, and in severe cases death (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). LSD also reduces the value of hides, while SP and GP can decrease wool and cashmere production (6,7).…”

“…On the contrary, LSDV is believed to be mainly transmitted by blood feeding insects (5,(17)(18)(19). Animal movement, assembling of animals from different herds in close contact, and introduction of new animals (without quarantine) in naïve herds have been identified as important risk factors for SP, GP, and LSD (1,5,11,17,20,21).…”

Genetic diversity of fusion gene (ORF 117), an analogue of vaccinia virus A27L gene of capripox virus isolates

“…CaPV isolates are shown to have differential host preference demonstrated by experimental challenge studies and virus isolation [4] and considered as different entities within the Indian subcontinent [5]. Capripox is enzootic in Southwest and Central Asia, Northern and Central Africa and Indian subcontinent [1] and pose potential economic threat to the small ruminant industry [6].…”