Untitled

Abstract

The tear fluid proteome <p>A proteomic analysis of the tear fluid suggests that an interplay between proteases and protease inhibitors, and between oxidative reactions, is an important feature of the ocular environment.</p> Abstract Background: The tear film is a thin layer of fluid that covers the ocular surface and is involved in lubrication and protection of the eye. Little is known about the protein composition of tear fluid but its deregulation is associated with disease states, such as diabetic dry eyes. This makes this body fluid an interesting candidate for in-depth proteomic analysis.

Comparison of tear proteome in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients and controls with respect to pollen season

“…Leonardi et al5 found 78 different proteins in vernal keratoconjunctivitis by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics which is a similar number of proteins found in the present study. Souza et al4 identified a large number of protease and protease inhibitors in tear fluid of one healthy subjects which was similar to findings we made in nasal mucus proteome. Soria et al3 analyzed tear proteome comparing dry eye and patients with meibomian gland disorder to healthy controls.…”

“…Tear composition reflects the physiological condition of underlying tissue but can be altered in disease related to the eye or other organs and systemic diseases such as diabetes 2. Several tear proteomic studies for diseases other than allergic rhinoconjunctivitis exist proofing the feasibility of proteomic approaches to tear fluid 3, 4, 5, 6…”

Two dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human tears: Collection method in dry eye syndrome

“…Analysis of the changes in these proteins can give insights into the disease process especially at the local ocular environment. Various techniques such as gel electrophoresis [18], surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-TOF [15] and MS [19] have been used for the tear proteomic analysis. However, tear collection and processing is an important step that can determine the suitability of the method for the clinical diagnostics or prognostics.…”

Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine — A focus on minimal invasiveness

“…Beside these roles, tear provides an effective chemical barrier on the surface of the eye via the secreted antimicrobial and immunomodulatory proteins (AMP), which provide protection against infections [29]. Currently, more than 1500 tear proteins have been identified by proteomics techniques [30][31][32]. Major tear proteins; such as lactotransferrin, lysozyme-C, prolactin-inducible protein, lacritin etc., are involved in the defense against pathogens [31], and their relatively high abundance makes these proteins the major antimicrobial proteins of tear.…”

“…The human tear has become one of the most investigated body fluids, being a possible source of biomarkers [30,31]. Tear fluid is one of the non-invasively obtainable body fluids that is relatively easy to collect, and its study may help understand the pathogenesis of ocular and some systemic diseases, in addition to aiding in the prediction of the outcome and scheduling followups for therapeutic sessions.…”