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Gel’fand, B. E.; Gogulya, M. F.; Medvedev, S. P.; Polenov, A. N.; Khomik, S. V.

doi:10.1023/a:1019238130551

Cited by 3 publications

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“…It is this temperature evolution with time that is of specific interest experimentally, because predictions from theoretical models based on different equations of state models vary on a wide scale. 2 During the past two decades, advances in electro-optical technology have led to renewed interest in the experimental measurement of light emission from explosive charges. It is also not surprising that many of the studies have focused on new experimental adaptations of the optical pyrometry technique [2][3][4][5] in order to derive temperature measurements from experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 During the past two decades, advances in electro-optical technology have led to renewed interest in the experimental measurement of light emission from explosive charges. It is also not surprising that many of the studies have focused on new experimental adaptations of the optical pyrometry technique [2][3][4][5] in order to derive temperature measurements from experimental data. However, several workers also applied spectroscopic methods in order to characterize the light emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] The use of photodiodes to record light emission from post-detonation "fireballs" at a standoff distance was reported as early as 2001. 2 At the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research facility, novel low cost detectors using photodiodes were developed in 2005 and used routinely to record light emission at extended standoff distances (5 to 30 m) during tests with explosive configurations. Similar devices were also reported to have been used recently in prompt flash impact experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also generally accepted by most investigators that the light emission from detonating conventional explosive charges can be represented by some form of the Planckian distribution for a gray body when the emissivity is unknown and when both the temperature and the emissivity change with time. 2,4,7 This is probably not a bad assumption during the detonation phase and the early stages of the expansion of the fireball, when the density of the detonation products is still fairly high. It does, however, also logically raise the question of the scaling of light emission parameters for geometrically similar charges of the same composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Scaling of light emission from detonating bare Composition B, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C7H5(NO2)3], and PE4 plastic explosive charges

Mostert¹,

Olivier²

2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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It is well known that an intense flash of light is emitted when an explosive charge is detonated. The light emission continues well beyond the actual detonation process due to shock excitation of the air molecules around the charge, as well as post-detonation reactions in the expanding products of the detonation. Various researchers have studied these emissions, and it has been established that there are features in such emission spectra that can be regarded as characteristic for a specific explosive composition and configuration. In this study, the emission characteristics at wavelengths between 650 and 940 nm were experimentally investigated for cylindrical bare Composition B, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C 7 H 5 (NO 2) 3 ], and PE4 plastic explosive charges in the mass (M) range of 0.5 kg to 4 kg. The results show that the light emission parameters scale to M 1/3 consistent with other explosive blast parameters such as pressure and impulse (so-called Hopkinson's scaling). It is also shown that for bare charges, two distinct regions in time can be distinguished for the light emission, namely, light from the early time frame, while the charge is detonating (and slightly beyond), and light from the expanding products of the explosive (the "fireball"). It is argued that in the first region, ionization effects and shock excitation of the air molecules around the charge dominate the light emission. The dominance of these effects fizzles out rapidly as the blast wave expands from the charge, leaving only light emission from the expanding products of the detonation. V

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scaling of light emission from detonating bare Composition B, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C7H5(NO2)3], and PE4 plastic explosive charges

Mostert¹,

Olivier²

2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Afterburn Ignition Delay and Shock Augmentation in Fuel Rich Solid Explosives

McNesby

Homan

Ritter

et al. 2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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We present experimental and computational results that explain some aspects of measured energy release in explosions of unconfined trinitrotoluene [TNT, C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 3 CH 3 ], and an aluminum-containing explosive formulation, and show how this energy release can influence shock wave velocities in air. In our interpretation, energy release is divided into early, middle, and late time regimes. An explanation is provided for the interdependence of the time regimes and their influence on the rate at which energy (detonation/explosion and afterburn) is released. We use a merging of the thermodynamic and chemical kinetic processes that predicts how chemical kinetics may determine the time delay of the afterburn of combustible gases produced by the initial detonation/explosion/fast reaction. The thermodynamic computer code CHEETAH is used to predict gaseous and solid products of early time energy release, and a chemical kinetic reaction mechanism (CHEMKIN format) is used to describe the subsequent afterburn of the gas phase products in air. Results of these calculations are compared with field measurements of unconfined explosions of 2 kg charge weights of TNT and an aluminum-containing explosive formulation.

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Volume of detonation determination based on gaseous products of energetic materials by time resolved LIPS combined with schlieren image

Zhang,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Opt. Express

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The safe and fast measurement of volume of detonation (VoD) is always a hard task for macroscale explosion even though it is one of the important parameters to evaluate the explosion performance. Therefore, a promising technology to determine the VoD is highly desirable for evaluation of energetic materials. Herein, a new method of VoD determination based on gaseous products via small dose energetic materials by time correlated laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) combined with schlieren image was proposed. Hydrodynamics of products after laser ablation on a time scale ranging from microsecond to millisecond was investigated. Based on the analysis of hydrodynamics of products after laser ablation, the effective spectra of gaseous products of each energetic material are obtained. Subsequently, a high-accuracy quantitative analysis model of VoD based on gaseous products using the method of principal component analysis - partial least squares (PCA-PLS) with small sample modeling algorithm has been developed( R2>0.96). The VOD model accurately predicts the detonation parameters with the average relative error of test set (ARET) < 3% and the maximum relative error of test set (MRET) < 5%. Moreover, the results without spectra selection of the relative error of blind data show the max relative error is less than 7%. The results of variable importance in projection (VIP) identification indicate a robust association between the spectral signatures of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and VoD. Furthermore, the N lines exert the most substantial influence on the VoD model. This method provides a new safe and fast determination technology for the evaluation of VoD and clarification of the related mechanism.

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Cited by 3 publications

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Scaling of light emission from detonating bare Composition B, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C7H5(NO2)3], and PE4 plastic explosive charges

Scaling of light emission from detonating bare Composition B, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C7H5(NO2)3], and PE4 plastic explosive charges

Afterburn Ignition Delay and Shock Augmentation in Fuel Rich Solid Explosives

Volume of detonation determination based on gaseous products of energetic materials by time resolved LIPS combined with schlieren image

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