Untitled

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause irreversible damage to biological macromolecules, resulting in many diseases. Reduced water (RW) such as hydrogen-rich electrolyzed reduced water and natural reduced waters like Hita Tenryosui water in Japan and Nordenau water in Germany that are known to improve various diseases, could protect a hamster pancreatic beta cell line, HIT-T15 from alloxan-induced cell damage. Alloxan, a diabetogenic compound, is used to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus in animals. Its diabetogenic effect is exerted via the production of ROS. Alloxan-treated HIT-T15 cells exhibited lowered viability, increased intracellular ROS levels, elevated cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration, DNA fragmentation, decreased intracellular ATP levels and lowering of glucose-stimulated release of insulin. RW completely prevented the generation of alloxan-induced ROS, increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, decrease of intracellular ATP level, and lowering of glucose-stimulated insulin release, and strongly blocked DNA fragmentation, partially suppressing the lowering of viability of alloxan-treated cells. Intracellular ATP levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were increased by RW to 2-3.5 times and 2-4 times, respectively, suggesting that RW enhances the glucose-sensitivity and glucose response of beta-cells. The protective activity of RW was stable at 4 degrees C for over a month, but was lost by autoclaving. These results suggest that RW protects pancreatic beta-cells from alloxan-induced cell damage by preventing alloxan-derived ROS generation. RW may be useful in preventing alloxan-induced type 1-diabetes mellitus.

Inhibitory Effect of Electrolyzed Reduced Water on Tumor Angiogenesis

“…Thus, the results confirmed a previous report. 25) The present results from two different assays capable of measuring endogenous and exogenous H 2 O 2 levels clearly demonstrated that ERW has the potential to reduce and/or scavenge H 2 O 2 .…”

“…18,31) ERW has been shown to effectively scavenge intracellular ROS in HIT-T15 cells (a hamster pancreatic cell line). 25) These data together suggest that ERW might regulate VEGF expression by way of ROS. To test this idea and to ascertain if the ROS scavenging activity of ERW is applicable to other cell types, we began by examining the scavenging effect of ERW in A549 cells.…”

“…23) Shirahata et al first demonstrated that ERW not only exhibited high pH, low dissolved oxygen, extremely high dissolved molecular hydrogen, but most importantly, showed ROS scavenging activity and protective effects against oxidative damage to DNA. 24) Thereafter, the inhibitory effects of ERW on alloxan-induced pancreatic cell damage 25) and on hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients 26,27) were reported. Kim and Kim reported that ERW derived from tap water exhibited an antitype 2 diabetic effect in animal experiments.…”

Suppressive effects of natural reduced waters on alloxan-induced apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…W. but not by other natural mineral waters (Li et al 2002). We monitored redox state using a combination of ROS sensitive probe, DCFH-DA, and a con-focal laser microscope or a flow cytometer.…”

Cell Technology for Cell Products

“…Some natural mineral waters such as Nordenau water found in Germany in 1992 and Hita water (Hita Tenryousui®) found in Japan in 1997 as well as ERW S. Shirahata et al scavenged ROS and protected pancreatic ß-cells from oxidative stress induced by alloxane (Li et al, 2002). Here, we report redox regulation by reduced waters (RWs) for prevention of type 2 diabetes and clinical trials of type 2 diabetes patients.…”