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Shaw, J

doi:10.1023/a:1004630127000

Cited by 71 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is a dearth of research, however, linking intrusive thoughts about violence to sleep difficulties in adolescents. We expect that adolescents’ responses to intrusive thoughts about violence will parallel adults’ responses based on evidence that children and adolescents exposed to stressors such as war, emotional abuse, and physical abuse manifest the classical symptoms of PTSD, including intrusive re-experiencing, avoidance of stimuli associated with the stressor and hyper-arousal (Shaw, 2000). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Violence, Social Cognitive Processing, and Sleep Problems in Urban Adolescents

Kliewer

Lepore

2014

J Youth Adolescence

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Exposure to violence is associated with elevated levels of sleep problems in adolescence, which contributes to poor mental and physical health and impaired academic performance. However, reasons underlying the associations between exposure to violence and sleep difficulty have not been examined. This study tested a social cognitive processing path model linking experiences of witnessing and directly experiencing community violence and sleep problems. Participants were 362 early adolescents (M age = 12.45 yrs, SD = 0.59; Range 11 to 14 yrs; 48.9% male; 51% Latino/a; 34% black) from urban communities enrolled in a middle-school-based intervention study on the east coast of the United States that was designed to reduce the negative effects of exposure to violence. All youth in the current study reported witnessing or directly experiencing community violence. Adolescents completed four school-based assessments over an 18-month period, reporting on their exposure to community violence, sleep problems, intrusive thoughts about and social constraints in talking about violence, and life events. A path model that included both victimization and witnessing violence revealed that wave 1 witnessing violence, but not victimization, was associated with elevated social constraints in talking about violence at wave 2, which was associated with elevated intrusive thoughts at wave 3, which was associated with poor sleep quality at wave 4. Prior levels of all constructs were controlled in the analysis, in addition to life events, single parent household status, children’s age and sex, intervention condition, and school. Youth exposed to violence may benefit from help in processing their experiences, thus reducing social constraints in talking about their experiences and associated intrusive thoughts. This is turn may improve sleep outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Violence, Social Cognitive Processing, and Sleep Problems in Urban Adolescents

Kliewer

Lepore

2014

J Youth Adolescence

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“…Exposure to these events can create lasting detrimental effects on physical and mental health of both adult and child populations. The effects of exposure to conflict and natural disaster on health, especially mental health, are well established [1-4] and international studies report high prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents exposed to conflicts and natural disasters [5-9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of exposure to conflict, tsunami and mental disorders on school absenteeism: findings from a national sample of Sri Lankan children aged 12–17 years

et al. 2013

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BackgroundArmed conflicts and natural disasters are common. Millions of people, including children are killed, injured, disabled and displaced as a result. The effects of conflict and natural disaster on mental health, especially of children are well established but effects on education have received less attention. This study investigated associations between conflict and/or tsunami exposure in Sri Lanka and their associations with absenteeism in a national sample of school children.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2006–7 among 1,505 randomly selected school children aged 12–17 years attending government schools in 17 districts. The hypotheses were that absenteeism would be more common in children previously affected by conflict or the 2004 tsunami and that at least part of this effect would be accounted for by mental disorders. Survey information included socio-demographic, conflict and tsunami exposure, mental health status (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and information on absenteeism (defined as 20% or greater non-attendance over one year).ResultsThe total sample of consisted of 1,505 students aged 12–17 years with a mean age of 13.7 years. 120 children reported at least one conflict exposure and 65 reported at least one tsunami exposure while only 15 reported exposure to both conflict and tsunami. Prevalence of emotional disorder caseness was 2.7%, conduct disorder caseness 5.8%, hyperactivity disorder caseness 0.6%, and 8.5% were identified as having any psychiatric disorder. Absenteeism was present in 26.8%. Overall, previous exposure to tsunami (OR 2.29 95% CI 1.36-3.84) was significantly associated with absenteeism whereas exposure to conflict was not (OR 1.32 95% CI 0.88-1.97), although some specific conflict-related exposures were significant risk factors. Mental disorder was strongly associated with absenteeism but did not account for its association with tsunami or conflict exposure.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events may have a detrimental effect on subsequent school attendance. This may give rise to perpetuating socioeconomic inequality and needs further research to inform policy and intervention.

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“…They provided practical information, assurance for safety, and psychoeducation about acute stress responses. Constructing a coherent and shared narrative about the trauma is important as it is suggested to facilitate recovery from trauma in ongoing phases (Shaw, 2000). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework of the outreach after a school shooting and the students perceptions of the provided support

Turunen

Haravuori

Pihlajamäki³

et al. 2014

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundA large number of bereaved family members, surviving students, and their relatives as well as school staff and the wider community were in need of psychosocial support as a result of a school shooting in Kauhajoki, Finland, 2008. A multilevel outreach project provided psychosocial care to the trauma-affected families, students, schools staff, and wider community for 2 years and 4 months.ObjectiveThis article is twofold. First, it presents the theoretical rationale behind the psychosocial support and describes the multimodal elements of the services. Second, it analyzes the trauma-exposed students’ help-seeking behavior and perceptions of the usefulness of the support they were offered in different phases of recovery.MethodInformation of students’ help-seeking and perceptions of support is based on a follow-up data from 4 months (T1, N=236), 16 months (T2, N=180), and 28 months (T3, N=137) after the shootings. Mean age of students was 24.9 (SD=10.2; 95% women). Their perceptions of the offered psychosocial support were collected with structured and open questions constructed for the study.ResultsThe results confirmed the importance of enhancing the natural networks after a major trauma and offering additional professional support for those in greatest need. The students’ perceptions of the provided care confirmed that the model of the acute and long-term outreach can be used after major tragedies in diverse situations and in other countries as well.

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Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Exposure to Violence, Social Cognitive Processing, and Sleep Problems in Urban Adolescents

Exposure to Violence, Social Cognitive Processing, and Sleep Problems in Urban Adolescents

Impact of exposure to conflict, tsunami and mental disorders on school absenteeism: findings from a national sample of Sri Lankan children aged 12–17 years

Framework of the outreach after a school shooting and the students perceptions of the provided support

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