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Beck, Robin M. D.; Bininda‐Emonds, Olaf R. P.; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu Guo Robert; Purvis, Andy

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93

Cited by 98 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…[70] or Eizirik et al . [36]. The inferred relationships reflect current opinion for the group, with Proteles cristata and Crocuta crocuta forming successive sister species to the remaining species [70], which alternate between being placed in the same ( Hyaena ; [13]) or different genera ( Hyaena and Parahyaena ; [14]).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates

Nyakatura

Bininda-Emonds²

2012

BMC Biology

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Background: Although it has proven to be an important foundation for investigations of carnivoran ecology, biology and evolution, the complete species-level supertree for Carnivora of Bininda-Emonds et al. is showing its age. Additional, largely molecular sequence data are now available for many species and the advancement of computer technology means that many of the limitations of the original analysis can now be avoided. We therefore sought to provide an updated estimate of the phylogenetic relationships within all extant Carnivora, again using supertree analysis to be able to analyze as much of the global phylogenetic database for the group as possible.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates

Nyakatura

Bininda-Emonds²

2012

BMC Biology

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“…Branch lengths were calculated from estimated divergence times of the different nodes taken from the literature, because characters and clustering methods used to construct trees might have been different and thus might have affected branch lengths. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from Vidal and Hedges [68], Mulcahy et al [69] and Amer and Kumazawa [70] for squamates; Hackett et al [71] for birds; Marjanovic and Laurin [72] and Clack [73] for non-amniote tetrapods; Bennett [74] and Nesbitt [75] for non-dinosaurian archosaurs; Pisani et al [76] and Brusatte et al [77] for tyrannosaurid dinosaurs; Yates [78]–[79]; Sereno [80]; Allain and Aquesbi [81]; Remes et al [82] for Sauropodomorpha and Beck et al [83] and Perelman et al [84] for mammals using Mesquite v. 2.75 [80]. Additional information on node divergence times was taken from Benton et al [85] and Müller and Reisz [86].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Analysis of Osteocyte Lacunar Density in Long Bones of Tetrapods: All Measures Are Bigger in Sauropod Dinosaurs

Stein

Werner

2013

PLoS ONE

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Osteocytes harbour much potential for paleobiological studies. Synchrotron radiation and spectroscopic analyses are providing fascinating data on osteocyte density, size and orientation in fossil taxa. However, such studies may be costly and time consuming. Here we describe an uncomplicated and inexpensive method to measure osteocyte lacunar densities in bone thin sections. We report on cell lacunar densities in the long bones of various extant and extinct tetrapods, with a focus on sauropodomorph dinosaurs, and how lacunar densities can help us understand bone formation rates in the iconic sauropod dinosaurs. Ordinary least square and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions suggest that sauropodomorphs have lacunar densities higher than scaled up or comparably sized mammals. We also found normal mammalian-like osteocyte densities for the extinct bovid Myotragus, questioning its crocodilian-like physiology. When accounting for body mass effects and phylogeny, growth rates are a main factor determining the density of the lacunocanalicular network. However, functional aspects most likely play an important role as well. Observed differences in cell strategies between mammals and dinosaurs likely illustrate the convergent nature of fast growing bone tissues in these groups.

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“…In fact, to avoid a possible effect of tree topology used on the results, we also conducted the analyses using alternative tree topologies among the published mammalian phylogenies [90], [91], [92], [93] and different tree topologies at family level, and obtained the same results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Positive Selection on the Leptin Gene in Cetacea and Pinnipedia

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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The leptin gene has received intensive attention and scientific investigation for its importance in energy homeostasis and reproductive regulation in mammals. Furthermore, study of the leptin gene is of crucial importance for public health, particularly for its role in obesity, as well as for other numerous physiological roles that it plays in mammals. In the present work, we report the identification of novel leptin genes in 4 species of Cetacea, and a comparison with 55 publicly available leptin sequences from mammalian genome assemblies and previous studies. Our study provides evidence for positive selection in the suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales) of the Cetacea and the family Phocidae (earless seals) of the Pinnipedia. We also detected positive selection in several leptin gene residues in these two lineages. To test whether leptin and its receptor evolved in a coordinated manner, we analyzed 24 leptin receptor gene (LPR) sequences from available mammalian genome assemblies and other published data. Unlike the case of leptin, our analyses did not find evidence of positive selection for LPR across the Cetacea and Pinnipedia lineages. In line with this, positively selected sites identified in the leptin genes of these two lineages were located outside of leptin receptor binding sites, which at least partially explains why co-evolution of leptin and its receptor was not observed in the present study. Our study provides interesting insights into current understanding of the evolution of mammalian leptin genes in response to selective pressures from life in an aquatic environment, and leads to a hypothesis that new tissue specificity or novel physiologic functions of leptin genes may have arisen in both odontocetes and phocids. Additional data from other species encompassing varying life histories and functional tests of the adaptive role of the amino acid changes identified in this study will help determine the factors that promote the adaptive evolution of the leptin genes in marine mammals.

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Cited by 98 publications

References 65 publications

Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates

Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates

Preliminary Analysis of Osteocyte Lacunar Density in Long Bones of Tetrapods: All Measures Are Bigger in Sauropod Dinosaurs

Evidence for Positive Selection on the Leptin Gene in Cetacea and Pinnipedia

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