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Abstract

Specimens of human cerebral cortex were obtained during neurosurgical operations and studied by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, using antibodies to the GABA transporter GAT-1. Cortical material from macaque monkeys was prepared similarly. Large numbers of GAT-1-positive non-pyramidal neurons were observed in layers I, II, V, and VI of the cortex. Electron microscopy also showed that the GAT-1-positive axon terminals formed symmetrical and not asymmetrical synapses, suggesting that they were the terminals of non-pyramidal neurons. Processes of cells in the walls of blood vessels were also labelled. We conclude that GAT-1 is present in cell bodies and axon terminals of non-pyramidal neurons, and a population of mural cells in blood vessels, in the primate cerebral cortex.

Myelination of parvalbumin interneurons: a parsimonious locus of pathophysiological convergence in schizophrenia

“…97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 Myelination of cortical GABAergic basket cells was first reported over 30 years ago in the cat visual cortex by electron microscopy. 98, 99, 100 In non-human primates, GABAergic axons in layers III–V are myelinated in sensorimotor 106, 107, 108 and temporal 102 cortices, a finding that had already been hinted at several years earlier. 105 Myelinated GABAergic interneurons were subsequently identified in the cat superior colliculus, 118 as well as in the red nucleus 110 and hypoglossal nucleus 109 of the monkey.…”

“…Myelination of PV cells in the human hippocampus 103 and claustrum 104 has been confirmed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, myelinated GABAergic 102 interneurons have been incidentally observed in the human frontal cortex, including with PV subtype specification. 101 Thus, although sparsely documented, PV interneuron myelination appears to be widespread throughout the brain and evolutionarily conserved among mammals.…”

Introduction

“…160 Indeed, some authors assert that the international community is moving towards the implementation of a mechanism for enhanced democratic control over business, with a view to preventing corporate environmental damage. 161 For present purposes, Boven's narrow concept of accountability appears particularly suitable: 'a relationship between an actor and a forum, in which the actor has an obligation to explain and justify his/ her conduct, the forum can pose questions and pass judgement [on the adequacy of the information provided and or the legitimacy of a conduct], and the actor can face consequences. ' 162 The latter includes 'implicit and informal' consequences such as having to render account publicly or being affected by negative publicity generated by the process.…”

From Stockholm to Johannesburg: From Corporate Responsibility to Corporate Accountability for the Global Protection of the Environment?

“…93 Indeed, the international community is moving towards the implementation of a mechanism for enhanced democratic control over corporations in order to prevent environmental damage. 94 Consequently, corporate accountability implies, on the one hand, widening the scope of stakeholders within a company so as to include all interest groups affected by the company's activities, such as governments, employees, board of directors, investors, consumers, suppliers, local communities situated where the company operates, civil society and the public at large. 95 In this regard, it has been noted that the plethora of voluntary codes of conduct enacted by several MNCs reflects the acceptance by the corporate world that they must address public expectations of environmentally sound behaviour.…”