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Torralba, Antonio

doi:10.1023/a:1023052124951

Cited by 645 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Blockade of retinal oscillations abolishes escape behavior elicited by large stimuli that mimic shadows cast by predators but does not impair detection of small objects that resemble prey (Ishikane et al, 2005). More generally, the oscillation-based channel might serve to convey global information such as the gist of a scene (Navon, 1977; Torralba, 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex

Koepsell

Wang

Vaingankar

et al. 2009

Front. Sys. Neurosci.

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Thalamic relay cells fire action potentials that transmit information from retina to cortex. The amount of information that spike trains encode is usually estimated from the precision of spike timing with respect to the stimulus. Sensory input, however, is only one factor that influences neural activity. For example, intrinsic dynamics, such as oscillations of networks of neurons, also modulate firing pattern. Here, we asked if retinal oscillations might help to convey information to neurons downstream. Specifically, we made whole-cell recordings from relay cells to reveal retinal inputs (EPSPs) and thalamic outputs (spikes) and then analyzed these events with information theory. Our results show that thalamic spike trains operate as two multiplexed channels. One channel, which occupies a low frequency band (<30 Hz), is encoded by average firing rate with respect to the stimulus and carries information about local changes in the visual field over time. The other operates in the gamma frequency band (40–80 Hz) and is encoded by spike timing relative to retinal oscillations. At times, the second channel conveyed even more information than the first. Because retinal oscillations involve extensive networks of ganglion cells, it is likely that the second channel transmits information about global features of the visual scene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex

Koepsell

Wang

Vaingankar

et al. 2009

Front. Sys. Neurosci.

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“…This is consistent with the idea that statistical learning can operate at a categorical level and can be generalized to novel categories, novel exemplars, and/or categories for which people have little statistical knowledge (e.g., Brady and Oliva, 2008; Jern and Kemp, 2013). This provides a compelling argument for people’s sensitivity to the regularities of the environment, which extends across several domains of perception and cognition, including visual perception (Eckstein et al, 2004; Epstein, 2008; Todorovic, 2010), object recognition (Biederman, 1972; Palmer, 1975; Biederman et al, 1982; Hollingworth and Henderson, 1998; Torralba, 2003), object categorization (Galleguillos and Belongie, 2010), color perception (Mitterer and de Ruiter, 2008), preparing motor actions (Nissen and Bullemer, 1987), and parsing language (Trueswell, 1996). …”

Section: What Do People Bring To the Task Of Remembering?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between categorical knowledge and episodic memory across domains

Hemmer

Persaud

2014

Front. Psychol.

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Categorical knowledge and episodic memory have traditionally been viewed as separate lines of inquiry. Here, we present a perspective on the interrelatedness of categorical knowledge and reconstruction from memory. We address three underlying questions: what knowledge do people bring to the task of remembering? How do people integrate that knowledge with episodic memory? Is this the optimal way for the memory system to work? In the review of five studies spanning four category domains (discrete, continuous, temporal, and linguistic), we evaluate the relative contribution and the structure of influence of categorical knowledge on long-term episodic memory. These studies suggest a robustness of peoples’ knowledge of the statistical regularities of the environment, and provide converging evidence of the quality and influence of category knowledge on reconstructive memory. Lastly, we argue that combining categorical knowledge and episodic memory is an efficient strategy of the memory system.

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“…Third, region-of-interest methods do not scan the entire image for object detection, but use a coarse global representation of the image in order to determine a region of interest [49, 76, 77]. The region of interest can then be (exhaustively) scanned in order to find the objects of interest [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Gaze Control for Object Detection

2011

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We propose a novel gaze-control model for detecting objects in images. The model, named act-detect, uses the information from local image samples in order to shift its gaze towards object locations. The model constitutes two main contributions. The first contribution is that the model’s setup makes it computationally highly efficient in comparison with existing window-sliding methods for object detection, while retaining an acceptable detection performance. act-detect is evaluated on a face-detection task using a publicly available image set. In terms of detection performance, act-detect slightly outperforms the window-sliding methods that have been applied to the face-detection task. In terms of computational efficiency, act-detect clearly outperforms the window-sliding methods: it requires in the order of hundreds fewer samples for detection. The second contribution of the model lies in its more extensive use of local samples than previous models: instead of merely using them for verifying object presence at the gaze location, the model uses them to determine a direction and distance to the object of interest. The simultaneous adaptation of both the model’s visual features and its gaze-control strategy leads to the discovery of features and strategies for exploiting the local context of objects. For example, the model uses the spatial relations between the bodies of the persons in the images and their faces. The resulting gaze control is a temporal process, in which the object’s context is exploited at different scales and at different image locations relative to the object.

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Cited by 645 publications

References 48 publications

Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex

Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex

Interaction between categorical knowledge and episodic memory across domains

Adaptive Gaze Control for Object Detection

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