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Abstract

Background:Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye that has been a global issue for many years. In August 2023, there was an outbreak of conjunctivitis not only in Pakistan but also in the neighboring South Asian countries. This article discusses the spread of conjunctivitis, its pathophysiology, symptoms, prevention, management and further highlights the strategies applied by countries worldwide. Subject and Methods:A rapid review of databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, World Health Organization (WHO), and American Journal of Ophthalmology was conducted on October 3, 2023, using keywords; conjunctivitis, prevention, and transmission.Results: Conjunctivitis typically presents with redness, tearing, and discomfort in the affected eye, often accompanied by a gritty sensation. Additionally, individuals may experience light sensitivity and a watery discharge. It can manifest as allergic, bacterial, or viral, with the current discussion focused on viral conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis poses a unique challenge and recognizing these signs and symptoms is crucial. Evidence shows that there are no effective antiviral drugs, but there is a definite treatment present for the cure of conjunctivitis. It is endemic in low socioeconomic areas, so the best form of treatment is prevention. The article suggests the verified and approved treatment for the disease and notifies that maintaining hygiene is one of the most important factors in preventing the disease. This includes measures such as frequent hand washing and use of artificial tears, avoidance of frequent eye touching, and sharing of towels. Conclusion:This article provides extensive information about viral conjunctivitis and recommended measures for its prevention by highlighting the strategies adopted by hospitals in different parts of the World. There is a need for more research regarding the spread and strategies to overcome it in the Asian regions including Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.