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Gender, aging, poverty and health: Survival strategies of older men and women in Nairobi slums

“…This is because most of the things that affect the elderly such as physical impairments and declining health, in the slums start manifesting at relatively younger ages. It also uses functional and social markers to identify old age ( Glascock & Feinman, 1980 for alternative ways of defining old age without limiting oneself to the arbitrary official retirement age).…”

Role of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry in cultural heritage research: A review

“…An interlaboratory study tried to create bulk obsidian standards by analyzing two geological samples with different techniques [62]. Consensus values were obtained for a number of elements but as this material was not certified its use is limited to the group of researchers participating in the interlaboratory exercise.…”

“…In a later paper the same author and co-workers ( [59], see also [62] for further data) compared the results of LA-ICP-MS with several techniques (INAA, PIXE, PIGE, XRF and, after dissolution, ICP-OES and ICP-MS). A general agreement between the techniques was found, especially between LA-ICP-MS and ICP-MS where traces may be compared too.…”

“…Interestingly, the standard may also be synthetic and produced to reflect the composition, physical and chemical properties of the samples as close as possible. Such an approach was already adopted for obsidians and glasses, although their use was limited to the laboratories where the standards were characterized and/or synthesized (see [55,62] for obsidians and [70]). This method may clearly be applied only to homogeneous, well-defined materials and/or sample portions: beside the already cited obsidians, the production of calibration standards may find application in the analysis of metals and alloys.…”