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Shea, Timothy M.; Stipanovic, Arthur J.

doi:10.1023/a:1013974430585

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP) as a multipurpose anti-oxidation/anti-wear additive, molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) as a friction modifier and Ca-containing detergents are the most popular additives. They are believed to participate in tribochemical interactions and form tribofilms on tribomate surfaces so that improved tribological performance can be gained [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological performance of three advanced piston rings in the presence of MoDTC-modified GF-3 oils

Zhao

et al. 2005

Tribol Lett

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The piston assembly (piston ring and cylinder bore) is one of the key parts of the internal combustion (IC) engine. Its performance will directly determine the performance of the whole engine. The piston assembly's tribological performance will be influenced by both its mechanical properties and the tribochemical interactions that take place on their surfaces. In this paper, three kinds of advanced stainless steel piston rings with a single nitrided layer, CrN coating on the nitrided layer and a B 4 C and CrN binary-layer coating on the nitrided layer, respectively, were employed. Their frictional behavior and wear performance, when sliding against the cast iron cylinder bore materials lubricated with two kinds of GF-3 category mineral-based engine oils (one of them blended with MoDTC friction modifier), were investigated on a SRV tribotester. The test conditions were set and maintained to simulate engine-operating conditions. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) were employed to characterize the morphology and elemental composition of the wear tracks. Tribotests and analysis results indicate that changes in both the mechanical properties of the tribomate (piston coatings) and tribochemical interactions (formulation of engine oils) have an impact on the tribological performance of the piston assembly. Tribochemical interactions will have a more obvious influence on friction coefficients while the mechanical properties of the tribomate have a more obvious influence on wear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological performance of three advanced piston rings in the presence of MoDTC-modified GF-3 oils

Zhao

et al. 2005

Tribol Lett

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“…In 178 German prisoners enjoy similar social protections 'to those in France with the difference that German prison workers are covered by unemployment insurance but are excluded from the pension scheme'. 179 Finally, in most common law jurisdictions employed prisoners are not considered employees. 180 However, the information relating to the extent of social security covering prisoners in Australia is missing from this study.…”

Section: I) Wagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Private prison labour: paradox or possibility? Evaluating modern-day systems and establishing a model framework through the lens of the Forced Labour Convention

2019

JLJ

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“…68 The development of the Calvo Doctrine was in direct response to this vulnerability. 69 For that reason, its essence challenged the legality of the invocation of diplomatic protection and put forward the alternative proposition that:`Aliens should be afforded no more than the same treatment as nationals and must limit themselves to filing claims in the local judicial system' . 70 Despite the vigorous lobbying from advocates such as Calvo and the diplomatic assertions of these propositions by Latin American states, the Calvo Doctrine did not find acceptance as a rule of international law.…”

Section: […]mentioning

confidence: 99%