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Natural factors to consider when using acetylcholinesterase activity as neurotoxicity biomarker in Young-Of-Year striped bass (Morone saxatilis)

“…Concerning intrinsic factors, AChE activity was negatively related to the size of YOY striped bass. Such negative relationship between AChE activity and fish size has been shown for several fishes in both juveniles and adults (Chuiko et al 1997; Beauvais et al 2002; Flammarion et al 2002; Phillips et al 2002). Another intrinsic factor that could have been taken into account would have been the sex.…”

“…Baldwin and Hochachka (1970) showed that AChE activity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was the same at the different acclimated temperatures, and they demonstrated that this compensation mechanism was linked to the presence of different isozymes specifically suited to the different acclimation temperatures. More recently, two studies showed no differences in brain AChE activity in walleye Stizostedion vitreum and bluegill Lepomis Macrochirus acclimated to different water temperatures (Beauvais et al 2002; Phillips et al 2002). However, the latter authors did not evoke compensation mechanism in the enzymatic activity of AChE relative to water temperature and concluded that water temperature had no effect on AChE activity.…”

“…In this study, since individuals were all YOY and striped bass do not become sexually mature prior to 4 years of age, the sex gender was not determined. In fact, there is a consistency in the literature that the sex gender has no influence on AChE activity in both juvenile and adult stages of fishes (Hogan 1970; Kirby et al 2000; Beauvais et al 2002; Lionetto et al 2003) such that it can be ignored as a factor in AChE activity.…”

“…In contrast, in a more recent laboratory study on the latter species, Beauvais et al . (2002) found no difference in brain AChE activity of fish acclimated to different water temperatures. Moreover, AChE activity is extremely variable between species (Bocquené et al 1990), so that species differences in response to natural factors need to be considered as well.…”

Combined effects of temperature and clomazone (Gamit®) on oxidative stress responses and B-esterase activity of Physalaemus nattereri (Leiuperidae) and Rhinella schneideri (Bufonidae) tadpoles

“…Studies have indicated that changes on environmental temperature can alter physiological stress response in aquatic organisms, and that ROS production is usually increased at higher temperatures as a consequence of an increased metabolism which leads to higher oxygen consumption . Moreover, it is also known that temperature can also modulate neurotoxicity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (Beauvais et al, 2002;Durieux et al, 2011). Previous studies have shown that clomazone cause suppression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and enhance lipid peroxidation levels in fish (Rhamdia quelen) (Crestani et al, 2007), besides activating the activity of biotransformation enzyme glutathione-Stranferase (GST) in Prochilodus lineatus (Pereira et al, 2013).…”