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Gus'kov, E. P.; Клецкий, М. Е.; Корниенко, И. В.; Olekhnovich, L. P.; Chistyakov, V. A.; Шкурат, Т. П.; Прокофьев, В. Н.; Zhdanov, Yu. A.

doi:10.1023/a:1015331601169

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Apart from oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine, XOR can also catalyze the hydroxylation of a wide range of N-heterocyclic and aldehyde substrates [1]. The uric acid and its oxidative product allantoin in ruminants and lower vertebrates act as potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers, and thereby providing protection against oxidative damage [3], [4]. On the other hand, XOR is also involved in the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) for killing microbes [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Insights into the Catalytic Inactivity of the Major Fraction of Buffalo Milk Xanthine Oxidoreductase

et al. 2014

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BackgroundXanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) existing in two interconvertible forms, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO), catabolises xanthine to uric acid that is further broken down to antioxidative agent allantoin. XOR also produces free radicals serving as second messenger and microbicidal agent. Large variation in the XO activity has been observed among various species. Both hypo and hyper activity of XOR leads to pathophysiological conditions. Given the important nutritional role of buffalo milk in human health especially in south Asia, it is crucial to understand the functional properties of buffalo XOR and the underlying structural basis of variations in comparison to other species.Methods and FindingsBuffalo XO activity of 0.75 U/mg was almost half of cattle XO activity. Enzymatic efficiency (k cat/K m) of 0.11 sec−1 µM−1 of buffalo XO was 8–10 times smaller than that of cattle XO. Buffalo XOR also showed lower antibacterial activity than cattle XOR. A CD value (Δε430 nm) of 46,000 M−1 cm−1 suggested occupancy of 77.4% at Fe/S I centre. Buffalo XOR contained 0.31 molybdenum atom/subunit of which 48% existed in active sulfo form. The active form of XO in buffalo was only 16% in comparison to ∼30% in cattle. Sequencing revealed 97.4% similarity between buffalo and cattle XOR. FAD domain was least conserved, while metal binding domains (Fe/S and Molybdenum) were highly conserved. Homology modelling of buffalo XOR showed several variations occurring in clusters, especially close to FAD binding pocket which could affect NAD+ entry in the FAD centre. The difference in XO activity seems to be originating from cofactor deficiency, especially molybdenum.ConclusionA major fraction of buffalo milk XOR exists in a catalytically inactive form due to high content of demolybdo and desulfo forms. Lower Fe/S content and structural factors might be contributing to lower enzymatic efficiency of buffalo XOR in a minor way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Insights into the Catalytic Inactivity of the Major Fraction of Buffalo Milk Xanthine Oxidoreductase

et al. 2014

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“…Elevated allantoin concentrations have been observed in drought-tolerant genotypes of rice relative to lower concentrations found in droughtsensitive genotypes (Casartelli et al, 2018). Allantoin has also demonstrated ROS scavenging and antioxidant stimulating capabilities in both plants and bacteria (Brychkova et al, 2008;Gus'kov et al, 2002;Nourimand & Todd, 2016). Folic acid application associated with drought tolerance has been observed in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Ibrahim et al, 2021).…”

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Rhizobacteria‐enhanced drought tolerance and post‐drought recovery of creeping bentgrass involving differential modulation of leaf and root metabolism

Errickson,

Huang

2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Rhizobacteria that produce 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCd) that inhibits ethylene production may mitigate stress damages. The objectives of this study were to examine whether a novel strain of ACCd‐producing bacteria, Paraburkholderia aspalathi “WSF23,” promotes plant tolerance to drought stress and post‐stress recovery and determine changes in metabolic profiles in leaves and roots associated with the positive ACCd‐bacteria effects in cool‐season perennial grass species. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera L. cv. “Penncross”) plants were inoculated with P. aspalathi “WSF23” and exposed to drought by withholding irrigation for 35 days, followed by re‐watering for 15 days in growth chambers. Inoculated plants demonstrated increased turf quality, canopy density, and root growth during drought stress and more rapid re‐growth upon re‐watering. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that inoculation with P. aspalathi “WSF 23” increased the content of metabolites in the metabolic pathways related to stress defense, including osmoregulation, cell wall stability, and antioxidant protection in both leaves and roots, as well as nitrogen metabolism in roots of creeping bentgrass exposed to drought stress. The promotion of post‐stress recovery by P. aspalathi “WSF 23” was mainly associated with enhanced carbohydrate and pyrimidine metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis pathways in leaves and increased carbohydrates, biosynthesis of DNA and proteins, cellular metabolism, and TCA cycle activity in roots. These results provide insights into the metabolic pathways regulated by “WSF23,” with the PGPR conferring improvements in drought stress tolerance and post‐drought recovery in a perennial grass species.

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Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum, representing ureide and amide legumes respectively, exploit ureides differentially to mitigate the deleterious effects of cadmium toxicity

Zdunek-Zastocka,

Grabowska,

Michniewska

et al. 2023

Plant Soil

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Purpose Ureides, allantoin and allantoate, are N-rich compounds used for N transport in nodulated ureide legumes. Here, we investigated their role in response of Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum, representing ureide and amide legumes, respectively, to Cd toxicity. Methods First, ureide content and ureide metabolism in P. vulgaris and P. sativum grown under control conditions and treated with 50 μM CdCl2 for 48 hours was investigated. Then, the effect of exogenous allantoin and its precursor, uric acid, on Cd-related oxidative lesion was examined in both legumes. Results Cd increased the content of both ureides only in the leaves of P. vulgaris, which was consistent with transcript levels and activity of ureide metabolic enzymes, and was accompanied by an increase in uric acid content. In P. sativum leaves, Cd increased the activity of ureide biosynthesis enzymes and decreased the activity of ureide degradation enzymes, although the uric acid content did not change, while the allantoin and allantoate contents were significantly reduced. Exogenous uric acid and allantoin suppressed Cd-induced H2O2 and O2 accumulation and alleviated the effects of oxidative damage measured by RNA degradation, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde content in both legumes. Conclusions P. sativum use allantoin and uric acid as antioxidant agents to mitigate Cd-related oxidative tissue damage. In P. vulgaris, the involvement of the ureide pathway in Cd-induced N salvage and recycling is rather a priority.

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Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Structural and Functional Insights into the Catalytic Inactivity of the Major Fraction of Buffalo Milk Xanthine Oxidoreductase

Structural and Functional Insights into the Catalytic Inactivity of the Major Fraction of Buffalo Milk Xanthine Oxidoreductase

Rhizobacteria‐enhanced drought tolerance and post‐drought recovery of creeping bentgrass involving differential modulation of leaf and root metabolism

Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum, representing ureide and amide legumes respectively, exploit ureides differentially to mitigate the deleterious effects of cadmium toxicity

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