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Scholten, O.E.; Lange, W.

doi:10.1023/a:1003988003165

Cited by 82 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Additionally, wild beet accessions such as Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima WB41 and WB42 serve as sources for additional resistance genes Rz2 and Rz3, respectively (Lewellen et al 1987;Scholten and Lange 2000;Gidner et al 2005). Thus, marketable rhizomaniaresistant sugar beet varieties contain Rz1 or occasionally a combination of two resistance genes (Rz1+ Rz2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus resistance in sugar beet is independent of virus and vector inoculum densities

Pferdmenges¹,

Varrelmann²

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is transmitted by Polymyxa betae to sugar beet, causing rhizomania disease. Resistance-breaking strains of BNYVV, overcoming single (Rz1) or double (e.g. Rz1+Rz2) major resistance genes in sugar beet have been observed in France and recently in the USA and Spain. To demonstrate if resistance-breaking is dependent on inoculum density, the inoculum concentration of BNYVV and P. betae in soil samples where resistance-breaking had been observed was estimated using the most probable number (MPN) method. The MPN-values obtained displayed highly significant differences with respect to the virus concentration in various soils and did not correlate with the ability to overcome resistance. Virus quantification in susceptible plants demonstrated that soils containing resistance-breaking isolates of BNYVV did not produce higher virus concentrations. The MPN assay was repeated with Rz1+Rz2 partiallyresistant sugar beets to see if the resistance-breaking is concentration-dependent. There was no correlation between soil dilution and increased virus concentration in Rz1+Rz2 plants produced by BNYVV resistancebreaking strains. Determination of the absolute P. betae concentration by ELISA demonstrated that all resistance-breaking soil samples contained elevated concentrations. However, the calculation of the proportion of viruliferous P. betae did not show a positive correlation with the resistance-breaking ability. Finally resistance-breaking was studied with susceptible, Rz1 and Rz1+Rz2 genotypes and standardised rhizomania inoculum added to sterilised soil. Results from these experiments supported the conclusion that resistance-breaking did not correlate with virus concentration or level of viruliferous P. betae in the soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus resistance in sugar beet is independent of virus and vector inoculum densities

Pferdmenges¹,

Varrelmann²

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…The low frequency component, on the other hand, is spread out over a much larger opening angle, and part of the radiation can escape the Moon even if the cascade is directed downwards into the Moon. At ∼150 MHz the whole visible surface of the Moon contributes to the effective detector volume [21].…”

Section: Radio Emission From Lunar Particle Cascadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for neutrino radio flashes from the Moon with LOFAR

Buitink

Corstanje

Enriquez

et al. 2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Ultra-high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays produce short radio flashes through the Askaryan effect when they impact on the Moon. Earthbound radio telescopes can search the Lunar surface for these signals. A new generation of lowfrequency, digital radio arrays, spearheaded by LOFAR, will allow for searches with unprecedented sensitivity. In the first stage of the NuMoon project, low-frequency observations were carried out with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, leading to the most stringent limit on the cosmic neutrino flux above 10 23 eV. With LOFAR we will be able to reach a sensitivity of over an order of magnitude better and to decrease the threshold energy.

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“…Since no chemical treatment is available for eliminating the fungus, the only way to grow sugar beet in infected areas is to use genetically resistant genotypes. Most of rhizomania tolerant genotypes, that perform very good in the conditions of moderate soil infection, have one of the following types of resistance (9,25):"Rhizor", "Holly", or resistance deriving from crosses with Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%