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Zemke‐White, W. Lindsey; Ohno, Masao

doi:10.1023/a:1008197610793

Cited by 290 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We first report the TBT level and BCFs in three macroalgae, which are not only dainty food sources for several herbivores living in benthic hard-bottomed ecosystems but are also used by man as seafood or in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. 27 The observed BCFs were far lower than those reported for bladder wrack in the North Sea, although seawater TBT level (up to 4 ngSn l −1 ) was in the same range as the one reported in our own stations. At our sampling sites, the BCFs of TBT ranged from a low 5 in Alaria to a high 325 in Ulvaria collected at the same station, indicating a huge range of values for the macroalga species and the location.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Butyltins biomagnification from macroalgae to green sea urchin: a field assessment

Mamelona

Pelletier

2003

Applied Organom Chemis

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Biomagnification of butyltins (BTs) was examined in a simple food web including seawater, macroalgae (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria longicruris, Ulvaria obscura) and green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). The study was conducted in shallow waters of the St Lawrence Estuary (Canada) adjacent to two areas potentially contaminated by BTs. Levels of tri-(TBT), di-(DBT) and mono-BT (MBT) were determined in seawater, green urchin (including faecal matter after sampling) and macroalgae surrounding the urchins at each sampling site. The concentrations of TBT in seawater from all stations were relatively low (3-7 ngSn l −1 ), and both the TBT and the total BTs ( BT = MBT + DBT + TBT) concentrations decreased with increase in distance from the BT sources. The concentrations of TBT in algae were 0.35 ngSn g −1 dry weight (DW) in A. esculenta, 0.40 ngSn g −1 DW in L. longicruris and 3.58 ngSn g −1 DW in U. obscura. Following their location, green urchins feeding mainly on these algae accumulated BTs at levels ranging from 4 to 85 ngSn g −1 DW in gonads and from 35 to 334 ngSn g −1 DW in gut. The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) calculated from seawater to algae ranged from 17 in A. esculenta to 151 in U. obscura, whereas the biomagnification factor (BMF) from algae to urchins ranged from 2 to 17 in gonads and from 10 to 67 in gut. The overall bioaccumulation factor of TBT between seawater and internal organs of urchins reached an average value of 1.2 × 10 3 . These results are the first to illustrate high BT BCFs and BMFs in human-edible macroalgae and urchins sampled from northern coastal areas with a low TBT contamination level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Butyltins biomagnification from macroalgae to green sea urchin: a field assessment

Mamelona

Pelletier

2003

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…In fact, large scale farming of marine algae has been accomplished successfully for hundreds of years [46]. Approximately 220 algal species are currently cultivated and harvested all over the world for different purposes [47]. Though mostly used as food for human consumption, particularly in Asia, macroalgae are also the primary source of hydrocolloids such as agar, carrageenan and alginate, which have numerous industrial applications, such as gelling, stabilizing or binding agents [47,48,49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Marine Macroalgae: Potential for Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Applications

et al. 2012

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As mammals are unable to synthesize essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), these compounds need to be taken in through diet. Nowadays, obtaining essential PUFA in diet is becoming increasingly difficult; therefore this work investigated the suitability of using macroalgae as novel dietary sources of PUFA. Hence, 17 macroalgal species from three different phyla (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) were analyzed and their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profile was assessed. Each phylum presented a characteristic fatty acid signature as evidenced by clustering of PUFA profiles of algae belonging to the same phylum in a Principal Components Analysis. The major PUFA detected in all phyla were C18 and C20, namely linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The obtained data showed that rhodophytes and phaeophytes have higher concentrations of PUFA, particularly from the n-3 series, thereby being a better source of these compounds. Moreover, rhodophytes and phaeophytes presented “healthier” ∑n-6/∑n-3 and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratios than chlorophytes. Ulva was an exception within the Chlorophyta, as it presented high concentrations of n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid in particular. In conclusion, macroalgae can be considered as a potential source for large-scale production of essential PUFA with wide applications in the nutraceutical and pharmacological industries.

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“…Sea-based algal agriculture utilizes crops that live without the need for arable land, fresh water, or fertilization, circumventing three problems associated with land-based agriculture. Algae are grown commercially in many parts of the world, but upscaling comparable to land-based agriculture has yet to come (Zemke-White and Ohno 1999). To pave the way for an industry based on cultivated algae, specialized utilization of every part of the algae is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent fractionation of Saccharina latissima brown algae using chelating salt solutions

Sterner

Edlund

2016

J Appl Phycol

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A fractionation strategy for Saccharina latissima algal biomass was developed utilizing chelating extraction salt solutions to mediate the liberation of algal components. Alginate, cellulose, laminarin, mannitol, protein, and inorganic salts were quantified in the fractions to reveal their individual dissolution patterns. Chelation power was identified as a key parameter for liberating alginate and increasing the yield of extracted components. The most efficient fractionation was achieved using aqueous sodium citrate as the extraction solution, producing an alginate-rich soluble fraction and a salt-poor insoluble fraction rich in cellulose and protein. Extractions at decreased pH were shown to be beneficial because they decreased the M/G ratio of the extracted alginate and concentrated the protein in the insoluble fraction from which it can easily be recovered; these effects could be achieved by switching the traditional sodium carbonate extraction solution with salts that have chelation capacity at lower pH. A cyclic extraction demonstrated that the sodium citrate solution can be reused for multiple alginate extractions with the buildup of the concentrations of other valuable components in the solution.

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Cited by 290 publications

References 13 publications

Butyltins biomagnification from macroalgae to green sea urchin: a field assessment

Butyltins biomagnification from macroalgae to green sea urchin: a field assessment

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Marine Macroalgae: Potential for Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Applications

Multicomponent fractionation of Saccharina latissima brown algae using chelating salt solutions

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