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Resino, Salvador; Galán, Isabel; Bellón, José M.; Navarro, Ma Luisa; León, Juan Antonio; Muñoz‐Fernández, María Ángeles

doi:10.1023/a:1024536816684

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Further support also comes from a study demonstrating HBV-specific cytokine secretion and T cell responses despite negative results for HBsAg and anti-HBc in sexual partners of persons with chronic HBV infection (27). Other data support the important effects of a HAART-related undetectable HIV RNA level on the immune response because it is associated with an increase in the absolute counts of memory CD4 T cells compared with values measured in HIV-uninfected persons (28). This increase in memory CD4 T cell counts was not seen in persons with similar CD4 counts who had detectable HIV RNA levels (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Other data support the important effects of a HAART-related undetectable HIV RNA level on the immune response because it is associated with an increase in the absolute counts of memory CD4 T cells compared with values measured in HIV-uninfected persons (28). This increase in memory CD4 T cell counts was not seen in persons with similar CD4 counts who had detectable HIV RNA levels (28). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods

et al. 2015

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Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Data on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on incident HBV infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM are limited. Objective To determine predictors of incident HBV infection in MSM during pre-HAART and HAART periods. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Cohort of MSM who have, or are at risk for, HIV infection. Patients 2375 HBV-uninfected MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Measurements Poisson regression was used to compare incidence rates of HBV infection in the pre-HAART and HAART eras and to identify factors associated with incidence of HBV infection. Results In 25 322 person-years of follow-up, 244 incident HBV infections occurred. The unadjusted incidence rate was higher in HIV-infected MSM than in HIV-uninfected MSM (IRR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.4]) and was significantly lower in the HAART era than in the pre-HAART era among HIV-infected (IRR, 0.2 [CI, 0.1 to 0.4]) and HIV-uninfected (IRR, 0.3 [CI, 0.2 to 0.4]) MSM. Age younger than 40 years (IRR, 2.3 [CI, 1.7 to 3.0]), more than 1 recent sexual partner (IRR, 3.1 [CI, 2.3 to 4.2]), and HIV infection (IRR, 2.4 [CI, 1.8 to 3.1]) were independently associated with higher incidence of HBV infection, whereas HBV vaccination was protective (IRR, 0.3 [CI, 0.2 to 0.4]). Highly active antiretroviral therapy with HIV RNA levels less than 400 copies/mL was associated with protection (IRR, 0.2 [CI, 0.1 to 0.5]), but HAART in those with HIV RNA levels of 400 copies/mL or greater was not. Limitation The observational nature limits inferences about causality. Conclusion Effective HAART is associated with lower incidence of HBV infection; however, even in the HAART era, incidence of HBV infection remains high among MSM. Primary Funding Source National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods

et al. 2015

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“…Diagnosis at birth and early ART initiation are essential to prevent progression of disease in vertically HIV-1-infected children; however, a residual low-grade inflammation still persists in treated patients [ 2 ]. This study examined 92 inflammation factors in plasma of HIV-1-infected children through a novel proteomic platform; the results showed that HIV-1-infected children despite receiving ART for more than 30 months exhibited several dysregulated inflammatory pathways as compared to non-infected subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ART administration has a positive impact on a variety of clinical symptoms associated with HIV-1 infection in children [ 1 ]. However, ART provided during the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection in children has ameliorated, but not reversed, abnormal features of immune activation [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma of HIV-1-Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

et al. 2020

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Treatment of HIV-1-infected patients results in improved clinical and immunological conditions, but severe non-AIDS-related conditions still persist. Novel proteomic platforms have identified inflammatory proteins where abundance is dysregulated in adult treated patients, whereas limited data are available in treated HIV-1 infection of children. Using a proteomic plasma profiling approach comprising 92 inflammation-related molecules, we analyzed specimens from 43 vertically HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) and matched controls in Ethiopia. The infected children were analyzed as a group and separately, according to age of treatment initiation. Proteins displaying a significantly different abundance between groups were hierarchically clustered and presented in heat maps. Random forest analysis was performed to pin-point proteins discriminating between groups; five proteins (STAMBP, CD5, TFG-α, TRANCE, AXIN1) were the strongest prediction factors for treated HIV-1 infection. TRANCE was previously linked to reduced bone mass levels in HIV-1-infected children. CCL4 chemokine, ligand to HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5, was the most critical protein for successful classification between children who initiated ART at different time points. Our data provide evidence that a dysregulated expression of proteins linked to immunological abnormalities and bone metabolism can be found in HIV-1-infected children with prolonged exposure to ART.

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“…Abnormal immune activation is a driving force for HIV-1 pathogenesis; prior to the introduction of ART in HIV-1 clinical practice, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized by the high expression of surface activation markers, including CD38 and HLA-DR ( 35 ). ART introduction during the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection has reduced, but not normalized, abnormal features of immune activation and this ameliorated picture has also been detected in HIV-1-infected children treated with ART ( 36 ). In order to preserve immune competence and confine inflammation related to chronic HIV-1 infection, WHO recently recommended that ART should be initiated in HIV-1-infected children from birth and in adults as soon as infection is detected, ideally already during the phase of primary HIV-1 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in HIV-1-Infected Young Adults: A Tool to Reduce the Size of HIV-1 Reservoirs?

et al. 2018

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During anti-retroviral therapy (ART) HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs, mostly represented by CD4+ memory T cells. Several approaches are currently being undertaken to develop a cure for HIV-1 infection through elimination (or reduction) of these reservoirs. Few studies have so far been conducted to assess the possibility of reducing the size of HIV-1 reservoirs through vaccination in virologically controlled HIV-1-infected children. We recently conducted a vaccination study with a combined hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in 22 HIV-1-infected children. We assessed the size of the virus reservoir, measured as total HIV-1 DNA copies in blood cells, pre- and postvaccination. In addition, we investigated by immunostaining whether the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and parameters of immune activation and proliferation on these cells were modulated by vaccination. At 1 month from the last vaccination dose, we found that 20 out of 22 children mounted a serological response to HBV; a majority of children had antibodies against HAV at baseline. The number of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood at 1 month postvaccination was reduced in comparison to baseline although this reduction was not statistically significant. A significant reduction of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood following vaccination was found in 12 children. The frequencies of CD4+ (naïve, effector memory) and CD8+ (central memory) T-cell subpopulations changed following vaccinations and a reduction in the activation and proliferation pattern of these cells was also noticed. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the frequency of CD8+ effector memory T cells prior to vaccination was strongly predictive of the reduction of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood following vaccination of the 22 HIV-1-infected children. The results of this study suggest a beneficial effect of vaccination to reduce the size of virus reservoir in HIV-1-infected children receiving ART. A reduced frequency of activated CD4+ cells and an increase in central memory CD8+ T cells were associated with this finding. Further studies should assess whether vaccination is a possible tool to reduce HIV-1 reservoirs.

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Untitled

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods

Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods

Profiling of Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma of HIV-1-Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in HIV-1-Infected Young Adults: A Tool to Reduce the Size of HIV-1 Reservoirs?

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