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Abstract

People with high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger syndrome (AS) have deficits in theory of mind (ToM). Traditional ToM tasks are not sensitive enough to measure ToM deficits in adults, so more subtle ToM tests are needed. One adult level test, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test has shown that AS and HFA subjects have measurable deficits in the ability to make ToM inferences. Here we introduce a test that extends the above task into the auditory domain and that can be used with adults with IQ Scores in the normal range. We report the use of the test with an adult sample of people with AS/HFA and with two adult control groups. Results suggest that individuals with AS/HFA have difficulty extracting mental state information from vocalizations. These results are consistent with previous results suggesting that people with HFA and AS have difficulties drawing ToM inferences.

Imaging Appetite-Regulating Pathways in the Central Nervous System Using Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…This factor must be taken into consideration when analysing the temporal effects of a stimulus on SI. There appears to be a high degree of consistency in the movement of manganese through the CNS as evidenced by the use of manganese uptake as a reliable marker of normal tissue, compared to differential uptake of Mn 2+ in pathological conditions associated with tumours or ischemia [92]. Further understanding of the diffusion mechanics of manganese into regions of the hypothalamus should provide a background onto which the temporal effects of applied stimuli can be determined.…”

Prosody in Portuguese Children with HighFunctioning Autism

“…The group analysis showed significant differences in the prosodic performance of children with HFA compared to typically developing peers, and suggested that language abilities were strongly correlated with prosody. The results are consistent with the findings of studies on other languages, in which children with HFA performed significantly poorer than controls on at least one prosodic task (e.g., Peppé el al., 2007;Rutherford, Baron-Cohen, & Wheelwright, 2002).…”

Relations Among Detection of Syllable Stress, Speech Abnormalities, and Communicative Ability in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders

“…Most of the studies in this area have focused primarily on the perception of pragmatic/affective prosody (Chevallier, Noveck, Happé, & Wilson, 2011;Globerson et al, 2014;Golan, Baron-Cohen, & Hill, 2006;Golan, Baron-Cohen, Hill, & Rutherford, 2007;Grossman, Bemis, Plesa Skwerer, & Tager-Flusberg, 2010;Heikkinen et al, 2010;Järvinen-Pasley, Wallace, Ramus, Happé, & Heaton, 2008b;Jones et al, 2011;Kleinman, Marciano, & Ault, 2001;Lindner & Rosén, 2006;Peppé, McCann, Gibbon, O'Hare & Rutherford, 2007;Rutherford, Baron-Cohen, & Wheelwright, 2002). Several of these studies using complex vocal expressions (i.e.…”

“…tasks that demand enhanced cognitive load), reported findings for atypical perception of pragmatic and affective prosodic cues in individuals with ASD (e.g., Chevallier et al, 2011;Golan et al, 2006Golan et al, , 2007Kleinman et al, 2001;Rutherford et al, 2002). In contrast, the processing of basic voice expressions and vocalizations (e.g., laughing-happy, crying-sad) appear to be intact in children, adolescents and adults with ASD (Grossman et al, 2010;Heikkinen et al, 2010;Jones et al, 2011), although some studies failed to replicate these findings (Lindner & Rosén, 2006;Mazefsky & Oswald, 2007;Philip et al, 2010).…”