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Ro, Ravoahangimalala; Randrianambinintsoa, Fano José; Tchuinkam, Timoléon; Robert, Vincent

doi:10.3185/pathexo3139

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Following the residual spraying from 1949 to 1979, An. funestus disappeared from most CHM villages [ 3 , 5 , 10 ]. Its re-invasion was mentioned in CHM in 1986 [ 2 – 5 ]; malaria outbreaks occurred with one specimen of An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani

Nepomichene

Tata

Boyer

2015

Malar J

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BackgroundIndoor spraying of insecticides and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are key strategies for national malaria vector control in the central highlands of Madagascar. During the year 2013, malaria outbreaks were reported by the National Malaria Control Programme in the highlands, including the district of Ankazobe.MethodsEntomological trapping was carried out in April and May 2013 and in March 2014, using human landing catches, collection of mosquitoes resting in stables and in houses by oral aspirators, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps. Detection of Plasmodium in mosquitoes was carried out on head and thorax of anopheline females by ELISA, CSP and PCR (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, or Plasmodium ovale). Human biting rate (HBR), sporozoite index and entomological infection rate (EIR) were calculated for Anopheles funestus, Anopheles arabiensis,Anopheles mascarensis, and Anopheles coustani.ResultsIn Ankazobe district, the presence of malaria vectors such as An. funestus, An. arabiensis and An. mascarensis was confirmed, and a new and abundant potential vector, An. coustani was detected. Indeed, one individual of An. funestus and two An. coustani were detected positive with P. falciparum while one An. mascarensis and four An. coustani were positive with P. vivax. For An. coustani, in March 2014, the EIR varied from 0.01 infectious bites/person/month (ipm) outdoors to 0.11 ipm indoors. For An. funestus, in April 2013, the EIR was 0.13 ipm. The highest HBR value was observed for An. coustani, 86.13 ipm outdoors. The highest sporozoite rate was also for An. coustani, 9.5 % of An. coustani caught in stable was sporozoite positive.ConclusionThe implication of An. coustani in malaria transmission was not previously mentioned in Madagascar. Its very high abundance and the detection of Plasmodium coupled with an opportunistic feeding behaviour in villages with malaria cases supports its role in malaria transmission in Madagascar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani

Nepomichene

Tata

Boyer

2015

Malar J

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“…Entomological surveys conducted from 2003 to 2005 in Antananarivo city identified only An. arabiensis as a vector of malaria [31]. Many authors have conducted study about environmental factors or urban malaria risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical and environmental approaches to urban malaria in Antananarivo (Madagascar)

et al. 2010

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BackgroundPrevious studies, conducted in the urban of Antananarivo, showed low rate of confirmed malaria cases. We used a geographical and environmental approach to investigate the contribution of environmental factors to urban malaria in Antananarivo.MethodsRemote sensing data were used to locate rice fields, which were considered to be the principal mosquito breeding sites. We carried out supervised classification by the maximum likelihood method. Entomological study allowed vector species determination from collected larval and adult mosquitoes. Mosquito infectivity was studied, to assess the risk of transmission, and the type of mosquito breeding site was determined. Epidemiological data were collected from November 2006 to December 2007, from public health centres, to determine malaria incidence. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out on dried blood spots from patients, to detect cases of malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests were used to confirm malaria cases among febrile school children in a school survey.A geographical information system was constructed for data integration. Altitude, temperature, rainfall, population density and rice field surface area were analysed and the effects of these factors on the occurrence of confirmed malaria cases were studied.ResultsPolymerase chain reaction confirmed malaria in 5.1% of the presumed cases. Entomological studies showed An. arabiensis as potential vector. Rice fields remained to be the principal breeding sites. Travel report was considered as related to the occurrence of P. falciparum malaria cases.ConclusionGeographical and environmental factors did not show direct relationship with malaria incidence but they seem ensuring suitability of vector development. Absence of relationship may be due to a lack of statistical power. Despite the presence of An. arabiensis, scarce parasitic reservoir and rapid access to health care do not constitute optimal conditions to a threatening malaria transmission. However, imported malaria case is suggestive to sustain the pocket transmission in Antananarivo.

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Heterogeneity in elimination efforts could increase the risk of resurgence of lymphatic filariasis in Madagascar

Rajaonarifara,

Roche,

Chesnais

et al. 2024

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani

Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani

Geographical and environmental approaches to urban malaria in Antananarivo (Madagascar)

Heterogeneity in elimination efforts could increase the risk of resurgence of lymphatic filariasis in Madagascar

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