Untitled

Abstract

Large scale biodiesel production by using low cost and abundant feedstock as waste animal fat is becoming more important due to petroleum reserves crisis and adverse environmental problems. This paper has experimentally developed a new method for lard synthesis by using suitable conditions of production with high solvent blending. A polynomial equation was obtained for lard biodiesel yields as a function of synthesis parameters. The validity of the predictive model was confirmed by validation experiments. The suitable combination for high quality biodiesel production from lard was less than 2.0 wt.% catalyst with 10:1 methanol/lard molar ratio and 65.0 wt.% solvent additive. The significant point of this method was to use high solvent blending ratios for lard synthesis to overcome poor solubility problem between highly concentrated free fatty acid pork lard and catalyst. Using this method, gave high yields of biodiesel in short reaction time. The evaluation of the synthesis was made using gas chromatography. The final products fulfilled all of the requirements of ASTM D6751-09 and EN 14214 standards. Overall, this process can be useful for larger scale industrial process with low energy consumption.

A comprehensive review of the influence of co-solvents on the catalysed methanolysis process to obtain biodiesel

“…Based on this theoretical view, it seems unsuitable to increase the overall solubility between methanol and oil with n -hexane as a co-solvent. However, authors have reported a yield increase by using n -hexane as the co-solvent in the range of 7 wt% up to 35 wt% [ [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , 59 ].…”

A Short Review on Valorization of Slaughterhouse Wastes for Biodiesel Production

“…Several researchers explored the possibility of pig fat as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Janchiv et al . obtained the waste pork lard from a local market.…”

“…Several researchers explored the possibility of pig fat as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Janchiv et al [81] obtained the waste pork lard from a local market. To identify the optimal conditions for maximum biodiesel production from pork lard, methanol to oil molar ratio was varied from 6:1 to 18:1 and catalyst concentration was varied from 0.48-3.05 wt%.…”

Waste Lard Methanolysis Catalyzed by KOH at Moderate Temperatures

“…Lard is a co‐product extracted from pig slaughter residues in meat‐packing industry or generated during cooking or roasting pork. Waste lard has already been used in biodiesel production alone 3–10 or mixed with vegetable oils 11, 12. In general, several methods of transesterification of TAGs into biodiesel from lard have been employed like homogeneously, heterogeneously and enzymatically catalyzed as well as noncatalyzed processes (Tab.…”

“…1). The conventional homogeneously catalyzed reactions can usually be performed in single 3–7, 11, 12 or two 8–10 steps, using methanol at the alcohol‐to‐fat molar ratio of 6:1 or higher, a catalyst amount of about 1 % (based on the fat weight), and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Single‐step processes are acid‐ or base‐catalyzed, while two‐step processes consist of an acid‐catalyzed free fatty acid esterification, commonly considered as a pretreatment step, followed by a base‐catalyzed transesterification step.…”