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Nakagawa, Naofumi; Nakamichi, Masayuki; Yamada, Kazunori

doi:10.2354/psj.27.009

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Japanese macaques from various local groups have been targeted for behavioral and ecological studies and have been tracked by many researchers, but previously no behavior has been confirmed demonstrating Japanese macaques catching swimming fish 19 , 20 (the Japanese macaques of the Koshima Island population (Kyushu), introduced by humans, are known to eat dead fish that have become beached 21 ). The Japanese macaque techniques of catching active swimming trout and/or charr in flowing streams observed in this study is the first observation documented in literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of snow monkeys hunting fish to survive winter

Takenaka

Hayashi²,

Yamada³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, of Kamikochi in the Japanese Alps endure one of the coldest and harshest environments during winter when scarcity of food puts them at risk. However, various behaviors have evolved to mitigate potential mortality. These macaques typically eat bamboo leaves and the bark of woody plants in winter, but our previous study using the feces of Japanese macaques collected in the winter and DNA metabarcoding analysis revealed conclusively for the first time consumption of riverine benthos and brown trout. In this paper, we investigate how Japanese macaques hunt fish and collect these riverine biota by extensively observing their behavior, including the use of infrared sensor cameras. Many researchers have tracked Japanese macaques as part of behavioral and ecological studies, but previously the techniques by which Japanese macaques capture swimming fish has not been documented. Herein, for the first time we consider how novel macaque foraging behavior traits have evolved to secure valuable animal protein for winter survival when food resources are scarce.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of snow monkeys hunting fish to survive winter

Takenaka

Hayashi²,

Yamada³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Cultural Diversity of Social Behaviors in Japanese Macaques

Huffman

Nakagawa

et al. 2012

SpringerBriefs in Biology

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Functions of an unreported “rocking-embrace” gesture between female Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Kinkazan Island, Japan

Shimooka

Nakagawa

2014

Primates

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Recently, research has focused on the effects of the concurrence of multimodal signals and their efficacy and meaning. We observed an unreported behaviour, a ventro-ventral "rocking-embrace" gesture that is always accompanied by lip smacking as the facial expression and sometimes by a girney call, in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) living in Kinkazan Island, northern Japan. This study examined the form and contexts of the occurrence of such multimodal signals in order to elucidate its functions. Eighty-eight cases of rocking embrace were recorded during 183 h of observation over 22 days. Adult females were involved in all of the cases. Of the 71 cases between adult females in which behaviours prior to the rocking embrace could be identified, 13 cases were allogrooming interruptions, 11 were aggression, and 42 were approaches, most of which occurred between non-kin grooming partners. The rocking embrace was often followed by allogrooming. This suggests that rocking embraces occur under stressful conditions and may function to reduce tensions. This conclusion is consistent with the contexts and functions of lip smacking and girneys shown in previous studies. In contrast with lip smacking and girneys, neither a rocking embrace nor a ventro-ventral embrace (without rocking) between anoestrous adult females has been previously shown in Japanese macaques. In other macaque species, however, the latter gesture is often observed as an affiliative behaviour that immediately follows conflict; it functions to reconcile or as a greeting when it occurs immediately after an approach. Rocking embraces among the Kinkazan macaques occur in contexts similar to, and have a similar function to, the ancestral gesture of ventro-ventral embracing (which is hidden in Japanese macaques) and the ancestral display of lip smacking (which is still observed in Japanese macaques). The ventro-ventral embrace as a tactile signal might have been hidden since it was made redundant by the visual signal of lip smacking in ancestral macaques.

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Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Behavior of snow monkeys hunting fish to survive winter

Behavior of snow monkeys hunting fish to survive winter

Cultural Diversity of Social Behaviors in Japanese Macaques

Functions of an unreported “rocking-embrace” gesture between female Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Kinkazan Island, Japan

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