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Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for the treatment and prevention of inflammation with the increase in number of side effects. Traditional plants have been used to treat inflammation owing to lesser adverse responses. Croton bonplandianus being an anti-inflammatory plant is extensively utilized all over the world. The methanolic and aqueous leaves extracts of Croton bonplandianus were exposed to anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan induced paw edema against standard diclofenac sodium, followed by the histopathlogical examination. The highest dose of methanolic extract were shown significant anti-inflammatory action having a significant P-value (P<0.05-0.001) compared with the diclofenac sodium (P<0.01-0.001) and aqueous extracts (P<0.5-0.01). The histopathological examination illustrated the vasodialation with reduction in the intensity of edema, neutrophils infiltration and other inflammatory cells. C. bonplandianus being a reactive oxygen species scavenger, responsible to exert an excellent anti-inflammatory activity. The present study confirmed the anti-inflammatory potential of drug extracts and authors recommended its utilization in the treatment of pain, inflammation and relevant diseases in future. However, phytochemical screening is to be required for the complete evaluation of active chemical constituent (s).

Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of Croton bonplandianus leaves extract: In-vivo and in-silico approach

“…The anticancer activity of C. bonplandianus has also been described because of its antioxidant activity ( Dutta et al, 2018 , Ghosh et al, 2018 ). This cytotoxic effect of C. bonplandianus could scavenge ROS (reactive oxygen species), resulting in an anti-inflammatory effect ( Yasin et al, 2021 ) which we also found on the hind paw images ( Fig. 4 ).…”

“…The demand for medicines or dietary supplements from natural sources has increased exponentially, as they could potentially cure any disease with fewer side effects ( Dutta & Chaudhuri, 2018 ). Several plants have been used as anti-inflammatory agents with significant effects compared to traditional anti-inflammatory drugs ( Adebayo and Masoko, 2017 , Uytan et al, 2021 , Yasin et al, 2021 ). Among natural sources, C. bonplandianus has various therapeutic uses, including repellent of insects, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, analgesic, nematocidal, coronary, hepatoprotective and wound healing ( Dutta & Chaudhuri, 2018 ).…”

“…There is limited research on the treatment potential of ethanolic extracts from C. bonplandianus leaves against RA-induced inflammation. However, there have been reports of anti-inflammatory activity in methanolic extracts and aqueous extracts of C. bonplandianus leaves ( Yasin et al, 2021 ). In addition, anti-inflammatory effects of oral extracts of Jatropha gossypifolia and C. bonplandianus with diclofenac sodium have also been reported, although the main anti-inflammatory components of C. bonplandianus are unknown ( Ghosh, Biswas, et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Inflammation is associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, edema, gastric intolerance, tuberculosis, and bone marrow depression ( Weber et al, 2023 , Yasin et al, 2021 ). Several anti-inflammatory treatments, such as aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone ( Rainsford, 2007 ), as well as commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ( Yasin et al, 2019 ), are used.…”

“…The phytotherapy has been used for treating the inflammation since ancient times. Plant extracts and their agents are considered safer with limited side effects compared to drug molecules ( Yasin et al, 2021 ). The Euphorbiaceae plant family is extensively used for cancer, diabetes, arthritis, liver, heart, and chest diseases, as well as infections ( Sangha & Gayatri, 2014 ).…”