“…The demand for medicines or dietary supplements from natural sources has increased exponentially, as they could potentially cure any disease with fewer side effects ( Dutta & Chaudhuri, 2018 ). Several plants have been used as anti-inflammatory agents with significant effects compared to traditional anti-inflammatory drugs ( Adebayo and Masoko, 2017 , Uytan et al, 2021 , Yasin et al, 2021 ). Among natural sources, C. bonplandianus has various therapeutic uses, including repellent of insects, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, analgesic, nematocidal, coronary, hepatoprotective and wound healing ( Dutta & Chaudhuri, 2018 ).…”