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Abstract

The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus are a continuation of the ventricular ependymal cells and are regarded as modified ependymal cells. The present study was carried out to determine the influence of choroid plexus ependymal cells (CPECs) on axonal growth in vitro. Choroid plexuses were dissected from the fourth ventricle of postnatal day-1-10 mice, mechanically dissociated, and plated in fibronectin-coated culture dishes. CPECs had spread into monolayers with few endothelial cells in 3-week cultures. Some macrophages were scattered on the monolayer of CPECs. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were excised from mouse fetuses of 14-day gestation, dissociated with trypsin and cocultured on the CPEC monolayers. For comparison, dissociated DRG neurons were cocultured on astrocyte monolayers or cultured on laminin-coated plates. After 4.5 h culturing, the cultures were fixed and immunohistochemically double-stained for neurites and CPECs using antibodies against beta-tubulin III and S-100 beta, respectively. It was demonstrated that neurons extended many long neurites with elaborate branching on the surface of S-100-stained CPECs. In contrast, DRG neurons cultured on the astrocytes and on the laminin-coated plates had much shorter primary neurites with fewer branches than those cultured on the CPECs. The total length of neurites including primary neurites and their branches, of a single DRG neuron was 285 +/- 14, 395 +/- 15 and 565 +/- 12 microM on the laminin-coated plates, on astrocytes and on CPECs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed extension of neurites with well-developed growth cones on the ependymal cells. These results suggest that CPECs have a great capacity to promote neurite outgrowth from DRG neurons in vitro.

Contributions of mTOR Activation-Mediated Upregulation of Synapsin II and Neurite Outgrowth to Hyperalgesia in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Immoderate synaptic transmissions in the spinal dorsal horn coupled with aberrant neuronal firing have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. , Neurite outgrowth, including neurite extension and neuronal branching, is the structural foundation of neuronal plasticity . Structural neuroplasticity has the noticeable property of being capable of altering the efficiency of synaptic transmissions according to the discharge patterns of neurons receiving nociceptive stimulation. − In agreement with the prior report, we employed an anti-β-tubulin III antibody (a microtubule element of the tubulin family), which was present almost exclusively in neurons to identify neurite outgrowth …”

Current progress and challenges in the development of brain tissue models: How to grow up the changeable brain in vitro?

“…Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) are originated from the ventricular ependymal cells and are considered as modified ependymal cells. 43 Ependymal cells include multiciliated cells of the cubic epithelium lining the cavities of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord of vertebrates. More than half-century ago, it was shown that due to the movement of cilia, ependymocytes create the flow of cerebrospinal fluid inside the lateral ventricles of the brain, 44 then, the protective function of the ependyma was clearly demonstrated as an ability of these cells to regulate the transport of molecules between the cerebrospinal fluid and choroidal capillary.…”

The effects of canine bone marrow stromal cells on neuritogenesis from dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro

“…All primary and branching neurites were manually traced on the digital images. The following parameters were measured as previously described (Chakrabortty et al 2000); 1) total neurite length/neuron, 2) total primary neurite length/neuron, 3) mean length of primary neurite/neuron, 4) mean number of primary neurites/neuron, and 5) mean number of branching neurites/neuron. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.…”