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Hattori, Tsutomu; Mitsui, Hisayuki; Haga, Hideki; Wakao, Norio; Shikano, Shuichi; Gorlach, K.; Kasahara, Yasuhiro; El-Beltagy, A.S.; Hattori, Reiko

doi:10.1023/a:1000201017238

Cited by 34 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The soil enzymes results were found to be highly inconsistent and because of soil enzymes importance for the growth of microorganisms, these act as a good indicator of assessing the overall microbial activity (Dick, 1994). Many reports have showed that soil enzyme activities interacted positively with the diversity and productivity of plant communities, and increased with vegetation development (Hattori et al, 1997; Waldrop et al, 2000; Mamilov et al, 2001; Smith et al, 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Transgenic Brassica napus Harboring the Antifungal Synthetic Chitinase (NiC) Gene on Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activities

et al. 2017

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Transgenic Brassica napus harboring the synthetic chitinase (NiC) gene exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal resistance. As the rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in element cycling and nutrient transformation, therefore, biosafety assessment of NiC containing transgenic plants on soil ecosystem is a regulatory requirement. The current study is designed to evaluate the impact of NiC gene on the rhizosphere enzyme activities and microbial community structure. The transgenic lines with the synthetic chitinase gene (NiC) showed resistance to Alternaria brassicicola, a common disease causing fungal pathogen. The rhizosphere enzyme analysis showed no significant difference in the activities of fivesoil enzymes: alkalyine phosphomonoestarase, arylsulphatase, β-glucosidase, urease and sucrase between the transgenic and non-transgenic lines of B. napus varieties, Durr-e-NIFA (DN) and Abasyne-95 (AB-95). However, varietal differences were observed based on the analysis of molecular variance. Some individual enzymes were significantly different in the transgenic lines from those of non-transgenic but the results were not reproducible in the second trail and thus were considered as environmental effect. Genotypic diversity of soil microbes through 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region amplification was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of the transgene. No significant diversity (4% for bacteria and 12% for fungal) between soil microbes of NiC B. napus and the non-transgenic lines was found. However, significant varietal differences were observed between DN and AB-95 with 79% for bacterial and 54% for fungal diversity. We conclude that the NiC B. napus lines may not affect the microbial enzyme activities and community structure of the rhizosphere soil. Varietal differences might be responsible for minor changes in the tested parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Transgenic Brassica napus Harboring the Antifungal Synthetic Chitinase (NiC) Gene on Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activities

et al. 2017

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“…Because of the staining methods used, only attached bacteria were studied and interstitial ones were not. However, in sediments and soils, the abundance of suspended bacteria is a few times or even orders of magnitude lower than that of the attached bacteria (Griebler et al., 2002; Hattori et al., 1997; Kuwae & Hosokawa, 1999). The mean size of attached bacteria (0.81 μm) corresponded to that reported in different sediments, for example, 0.51–0.56 μm (Griebler et al., 2002) or 0.19–1.68 μm (Mudryk & Podgórska, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Microorganisms and Metabolism in Dune Sand of a Low Organic Content

et al. 2021

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The planet Mars is a primary target in the search for extraterrestrial life. Metabolic experiments carried out during the Viking Mission (1976Mission ( -1982 designed to detect respiration and photosynthesis provided inconclusive results, and one type of experiment (Labeled Release) seemed to be positive (Klein, 1977;Levin & Straat, 2016;Schulze-Makuch et al., 2015). Precisely, the Labeled Release experiment demonstrated that addition of radioactively-labeled organic medium to Martian soil resulted in the release of radioactive gas, which suggested that organic compounds were metabolized. Moreover, the breakdown of organic matter was ceased by temperature treatment capable of killing terrestrial microorganisms (Klein, 1977;Levin & Straat, 2016). The positive result of Labeled Release experiment was not confirmed by other experiments carried out during the Viking Mission-the Pyrolytic Release and the Gas Exchange experiments (Klein, 1977). Moreover, during the Viking Mission, no organic matter was found in samples of the Martian soil (Klein, 1977). Results from the Viking Mission have been debated further in the context of geochemical data provided by subsequent missions, especially that of the Phoenix Mars Lander ( 2008) and the Curiosity Rover (since 2012), but the question about the presence of life on Mars remains unanswered (Goetz Abstract The main goal of astrobiological studies is the search for life beyond Earth. Developing life detection methods requires test locations that have similar environmental conditions to extraterrestrial sites or that simply have low organism abundances. In this study, we describe dune sand of a low organic matter content (0.11%) collected from a national park frequented by few people. It is located in temperate zone. We hypothesized that dune sand is characterized by the low abundance of microorganisms and metabolic rates that could be compared to analogs of extraterrestrial environments like the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys or the Atacama Desert. Measurements of CO 2 efflux and ATP concentration demonstrated that hydrating dune sand with sterile distilled water initiated a short period of substantial microbial metabolic activity that lasted from 4 to 5 days. The maximum CO 2 efflux was 100 mgCO 2 m −2 d −1 , which was low compared to values reported for sandy dunes, deserts and poor soils, including McMurdo Dry Valleys. Microscopic observations demonstrated that the abundance of prokaryotic microorganisms in the dune sand was low at roughly one million per cm 3 of sand and was comparable to the abundance reported from the Atacama Desert. The microbial communities in the dune sand were studied based on 16S rRNA gene analyses. The most prominent bacterial genera were Massilia and Bacillus. Study demonstrated that dune sand sampled from a national park area was as useful for testing life detection methods as are other well-established analogs of extraterrestrial environments.Plain Language Summary One of the main goals of contemporary science is the search for life beyond Earth....

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Phenomics and Phenotype Microarrays: Applications Complementing Metagenomics

Bochner

2011

Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology I

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Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of Transgenic Brassica napus Harboring the Antifungal Synthetic Chitinase (NiC) Gene on Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activities

Impact of Transgenic Brassica napus Harboring the Antifungal Synthetic Chitinase (NiC) Gene on Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activities

Detection of Microorganisms and Metabolism in Dune Sand of a Low Organic Content

Phenomics and Phenotype Microarrays: Applications Complementing Metagenomics

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